<p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">前言</span></strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 有专家解读《论语》啥的，是件极好的事情，可以帮助大众了解一下我们的先贤是怎么思考的。但于丹教授的解读已经到了某种极致的境界：</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: italic;"> 如果人不能改变世界，那就改变自己的内心。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: italic;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 人生的最高境界在于一个人能够安于贫贱，并且能够乐在其中。</span></span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">－－于丹</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 鲍鹏山先生看不下去了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鲍</span>先生说：孔子的境界，是中国人的精神源头。于丹这样的解读不仅侮辱和贬低了孔子，也侮辱和贬低了整个中华民族的道德境界。这种遇挫即弯、风吹便倒的思想，是典型的市侩哲学、功利主义。不要说像孔子这样的人，哪一个稍微有点良知的人，在先秦诸子里面没有人提到这样的处世哲学。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 如果中国人崇拜的孔子主张不能改变世界就改变自己，那么这个民族完全<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">没有自己的精神信仰和价值坚持</span>，是一个见风使舵的民族，是一个功利的民族。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /> 孔子最大的贡献就是在价值观上塑造了一个民族，把价值观搞错那就很糟糕了。孔子到底什么形象，高矮胖瘦都关系不大。最重要的恰恰是有关他的思想、人格、精神，这是中华民族的根。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 鲍鹏山名言</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 孔子的境界，就是中国人的精神高点。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 只要大多数人不沉默，我们本来无需英雄啊。因为有一个英雄，就必有一群懦夫。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">天下一片漆黑了，不少原先追求光明的人也练就了猫头鹰的眼睛，从适应黑暗而进行喜欢黑暗，为黑暗辩护，他们把这称为提高了觉悟和认识，并且得道似的沾沾自喜于黑暗森林中占据了一棵枝丫，又转过头来嘲笑别人不知道变通。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 官府的不作为或乱作为，会造成非常严重的社会问题。导致的后果就是，不能够解决问题的，或者无力自己解决问题的，只好成了无依无靠的顺民，但是能够自己解决问题的人，往往成为了无法无天的暴民。但现代社会不要顺民与暴民，只要公民。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> （注：文字略有改编）</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 面对世上的不公，</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">孔子这么说</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">仁者必有勇，勇者不必有仁。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">志于道、据于德、依于仁、游于艺。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">孟子这么说</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">虽千万人，吾往矣。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移、威武不能屈。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">居天下之广居，立天下之正位，行天下之大道。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">孔子之勇</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 孔子受困于蒲，不畏公孙戍的威逼，这是壮士之勇</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 孔子恪守政治道德，敢于对各国诸侯说不。他代表弱小的鲁国在“夹谷会盟”中敢于面对强大的齐国，挺身制止了齐国武力绑架鲁定公的企图，使鲁国在谈判中取得了胜利，打破了弱国无外交的惯例。这是仁义之勇。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 孔子在周游列国被匡人所围、被宋国司马追杀时从容淡定，在困于陈蔡七天绝粮有生命之忧时，依然弦歌不止，则是圣人之勇。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">孟子论勇</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> Ａ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">血气之勇</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 古时候有个叫北宫黝的人，他培养勇气：肌肤被刺，毫不颤动；眼睛被戳，都不眨一眨。他以为受一点点挫折，就好像在稠人广众之中挨了鞭打一样。既不能忍受卑<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">贱者的侮辱，也不能忍受大国国君的侮辱。把刺杀大国的君主看成和刺杀卑贱的人一样。他对各国的君主毫不畏惧，挨了骂一定回击。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> －－北宫黝虽勇于对抗权贵，凭过人的气势彰显了果断、坚毅之勇，但却缺乏理性和思考，因而只是<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">血气之勇</span>。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">B 主观之勇</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 孟施舍对待不能战胜的敌人，跟足以战胜的敌人一样。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">孟施舍</span>说：“如果先估量敌人的力量这才前进，先考虑胜败这才交锋，这种人若碰到数量众多的敌人一定会害怕。我哪能一定打胜仗呢？不过是能够无所畏惧罢了”</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> －－<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">孟施舍要胜于北宫黝，因为孟施舍能够由心出发，做到内心的不畏惧，不过孟施舍养勇的方法又是通过无我或忘我从而达到“无惧”，因而也只是神勇或者说主观之勇。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> Ｃ 道德之勇</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;"> 曾子对子襄说：“你喜欢勇敢吗？我曾经在孔子那里听到过关于大勇的道理：反省自己觉得理亏，那么即使对普通百姓，我也不去恐吓；反省自己觉得理直，纵然面对千万人，我也勇往直前。”</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">曾子是勇中有怯，勇中有思，能够通过道德自省来确定正义与否，进而做出勇与不勇的行为选择。可见，孟子的勇不是动辄而起，不是不顾效果的匹夫之勇，而是深明大义，能够作出进退选择的“理性之勇”。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px;">儒家、儒学和儒教</span></strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #000000; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 先秦的中国人，包括孔子孟子在内，呈现出来的是一种贵族精神，直爽、仗义、坚持、大气。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>在孔子孟子的话里面，我们看到了大写的人，勇敢的人，不屈服的人。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这等的精神境界，和后来官方修订的儒学/儒教展现的，完全是二码事啊。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">孔子说，知耻近乎勇，懂得羞耻才会有勇气。如果没有羞耻之心，人就猥琐了。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正如鲁迅先生所言：勇者愤怒，抽刃向更强者；怯者愤怒，却抽刃向更弱者。前者才是勇，后者只是懦。</span></span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 于丹教授话音未落，朝鲜人民就开心地欢呼起来：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; orphans: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">만세！만세！만세</span>！ </span></p>