<p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwLhECbUlE384YkwbatF9Y003LoygBicPXrX9If5KaUv3cynq6siaNNukg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="480" _width="418.5px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwLhECbUlE384YkwbatF9Y003LoygBicPXrX9If5KaUv3cynq6siaNNukg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 418.5px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">本文是”究竟书坊“法政频道的第<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</strong>篇文章</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">摘自文贯中《吾民无地<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">》<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一书</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.058666666666666666" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GtWwdCwkv7GFibw2nyFhcye46c1b1N9l1ic5q13Gauib5BuSpqib405Jw3C8UESBiaZiakAWv9gmvL4oXwG6S3oJjXmQ/640" data-w="750" title="动态针分割线" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GtWwdCwkv7GFibw2nyFhcye46c1b1N9l1ic5q13Gauib5BuSpqib405Jw3C8UESBiaZiakAWv9gmvL4oXwG6S3oJjXmQ/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-order="0" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; color: #787272; display: inline; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 28px;">01</span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">在当代条件下，企图维持农本社会的人口分布，不管出于何种动机，只会使农村人口陷入长期贫困。如果在土地制度和户籍制度之间根据对中国发展的掣肘作用排出一个名次，我认为现行土地制度对中国发展的危害更大。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">高昂的房价和房租是与现行的土地制度直接联系的。在这种土地制度下，城市化必定蜕变为一个排斥市场导向，完全由政府主导的过程。在政府主导下，土地使用必定是低效的，房价和房租必定偏离均衡价格而难以自我纠正，城市的集聚效应必定无法穷尽。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">同时，在涉及土地要素的一次分配上，农民的利益会遭受严重损害，民众和政府的矛盾也会日益加剧。理由如下：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">首先，现行土地制度无论在农村地区还是城市地区，在本质上都是排斥市场对土地的配置功能的。在这种土地制度下，所有的农用土地不准直接上市交易，城市用地一律国有。各省所用的建设用地指标一律先由中央政府根据全国通盘计划拨给各省。这种通过行政手段配置土地的模式必然堵塞真正的全国性土地市场的发育。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5555555555555556" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwx4xSzsr8ial8JwdPEgFEOLn21A0eBDVjYwicTQnywic12hvUKDr4mQcaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="900" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwx4xSzsr8ial8JwdPEgFEOLn21A0eBDVjYwicTQnywic12hvUKDr4mQcaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">由于各省无从知道每块土地的真实机会成本，在土地指标的宏观调拨下，具有强大集聚效应和区位优势的城市难以扩大；没有强大集聚效应和区位优势的城市只要拿到土地指标，照样能够扩大。根据复旦大学经济学院教授陆铭2009年的研究，一味用行政手段在各省之间人为配置土地的模式，使中国丧失相当部分的区位优势和集聚效应。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">第二，世界上的一般规律都是城市人口扩张远远快于城市住房面积的扩张和基础设施的延伸，造成内生的对住房和基础设施的持久的需求，推动城市的向外扩张。可是，中国的情况正好相反。在大量农村人口急待进入城市定居的时候，大量的资金、土地、钢铁、水泥等虽然转化成了住房和基础设施，却只产生很有限的吸收农村人口的能力。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">第三，中国内地的土地配置模式在许多方面模仿了香港的土地批租模式。然而，香港的土地批租模式对基本没有农村人口，人口又可以封闭运行的城市社会虽然合适，但对拥有庞大农村人口，并急需城市化的中国内地来说，则是完全违反国情的。在香港土地批租模式下，地方政府获得垄断土地买卖的权力，尽量压低土地的收购价，抬高土地的拍卖价，以便获得两者差价，也就是土地出让金的极大化。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5555555555555556" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwiaJHuqm1u1szjgqjePkgUvlfn0IxOUrLibkWHicQH4oVG8su2KlmGvmHw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="900" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwiaJHuqm1u1szjgqjePkgUvlfn0IxOUrLibkWHicQH4oVG8su2KlmGvmHw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">在这种土地财政下地王频频产生，一般土地开发商拿到的土地成本越来越高。加上政府又制定了不合国情的较高的城市建筑容积率和较低的建筑密度标准，因而民间不可能主动开发廉租房和经济适用房。中国现在一方面城市化率显著低于世界水平，一方面房价—收入比严重脱离一般民众的承受能力。这是不合国情，照搬香港土地批租模式的必然结果。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">第四，农民在土地被征收或征用后，无论作为个体还是集体，所拿到的补偿并不基于土地的市场价格，而是基于土地作为农地所能带来的十分有限的现金流的现值，加上对地面附加物的一些补偿。一般来说，这些补偿远远低于同类土地在土地市场上能够得到的公平价格。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">这样微薄的补偿显然没有考虑到这些无地农民接下来就要生活在物价昂贵的城市中，他们的技能和教育水平又极难使他们在城市的陌生环境中具有较强的谋生能力。失地农民的困难处境自然大大抑制了他们的消费需求。这是排斥土地市场，运用行政手段配置土地的又一个严重后果。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">中国改革开放30多年来，这种中央计划经济思路加香港模式虽然对城市的自我改造有短期的效果，无非是将土地增值从农民那里转移到城市，但是对中国的城市化的进程产生的负面效果越来越严重。社会向城市倾注无数资金，农民向城市转让了巨额面积的土地之后，人们发现这些巨额资金和土地竟然以高昂的房价这种形式，强烈排斥农村人口向城市的顺利转移。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.68125" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwRF7Tlza3u5qPHDrSERiaf9ibTc09qHmBcNdHWsFVww1DVicU4nCKIrfdg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvwRF7Tlza3u5qPHDrSERiaf9ibTc09qHmBcNdHWsFVww1DVicU4nCKIrfdg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #888888;">–点击下方“阅读原文”，进入微商城购书–</span></span> </p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">据中国人民大学博士生导师陈淮2009年发表的研究数据，1990年至2007年，我国城市建成区面积从1.29万平方公里扩张到3.55万平方公里，18年间扩张了175%，平均每年扩张建成区1256平方公里；同期我国城镇实有住宅建筑面积从20.0亿平方米增长到了119亿平方米，增长将近500%。可是根据《中国城市化率白皮书 2007》，同期城市化率仅由26.4%提高到32.9%，相当于只提高了25%。即使按被严重高估的官方数字44.9%计算，1990年至2007年期间城市化率也才提高了70%，远远低于城市建成区的扩张速度，以及住宅建筑面积的增加速度。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.64921875" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvw407XnQGuVt9icblW2Feia6VjWwibISFPuKOeAgsxNiaADkLv9LWMhL6DAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TXMbl6Pzdc3EIszAibJYa1MBe2AWCcFvw407XnQGuVt9icblW2Feia6VjWwibISFPuKOeAgsxNiaADkLv9LWMhL6DAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">在土地稀缺的中国，尽管减少了大量宝贵耕地，中国的绝大部分人口依旧生活在农村。所谓2013年中国城市化率达到53.7%的官方数据经不起推敲。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">这个数据所包含的已经进城的1.5亿农民工实际上是在工棚、“小产权房”“小产权房”在中国内地共有三种解释：第一，针对开发商的产权而言，开发商的产权叫“大产权”，购房人的产权叫“小产权”；</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">第二，按现行法律法规，房屋再转让时不用再缴土地出让金的房屋是“大产权”，要补缴土地出让金的是“小产权”，即普通商品房是“大产权房”，经济适用房是“小产权房”；</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">第三，按产权证的发证机关来划分，国家发放产权证的是“大产权房”，仅由乡镇政府或村政府发放产权证的是“小产权房”，又被称为“乡产权房”，只能在本集体成员内部转让、置换，如对非本集体成员的第三人转让或出售，买卖行为不受法律认可与保护，即不能办理土地使用证、房产证、契税证等合法手续，购房合同在国土资源局和房管局亦不会给予备案。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">本书作者提到的“小产权房”均是指第三种解释中的“小产权房”概念。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;">——编者注和群居化的楼宇中找到栖身之处的。根据中国有关法律和条文，他们的住所实际上是不合法的，随时可以被取缔、拆迁和征收。换言之，对城市化和城市的自我现代化做出巨大贡献的农民工，实际上在城市中是没有合法的栖身之处的。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p>