<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">马克思和恩格斯的着作《共产党宣言》迎来了170岁的生日。德国作为马克思的故乡，也是一个谈“共产”变色的地方。民间舆论是怎样看待这个自己家乡的“土特产”呢？</p><div style="margin: 7px 0px 10px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80170%E5%B9%B4-%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%9C%8B%E5%BE%85/a-42672235?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/42672235/15856806" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img src="http://www.dw.com/image/15856806_303.jpg" title="Symbolbild Kommunismus (Fotolia/Savenko Tatyana)" alt="Symbolbild Kommunismus (Fotolia/Savenko Tatyana)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; padding: 4px 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;"></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">（德国之声中文网）"宣言本身很值得一读 "，"如果人们好好想想这本书是什么时候写的，又是怎样准确的预测了未来。那就只能对它肃然起敬"。"如今在金融危机四起的环境下，当我再次拿起这本书时，感受到了无比的震撼。之所以说震撼，是因为马克思在1848年的时候就精确的描述了资本主义会引领我们去向何处。"这些都是在德国亚马逊上购买了《共产党宣言》新装版读者的五星级评价。批评的声音？没有！所有参与评分的读者或买主都打出了五星评价。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">其实也合乎逻辑，应该只有《共产党宣言》的铁杆粉丝才会在五十度灰及各种成功学、幸福学盛行的年代花17欧元来买这本只有区区80页，如今版权早已过期的政治不正确之作。"共产"这个词在德国民间的语境中属于绝对的贬义词。是脱离现实、埋没人性，专制独裁的代名词。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";">预言错误 意义尤存</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">但是，就算是马克思和恩格斯最犀利的批评者们如今也不得不面对《共产党宣言》被联合国教科文组织选入《世界记忆名录》的现实。偏左的德国《日报》（taz）在《共产党宣言》问世170年之际发表了题为"巧妙，但也有说错的地方"（Genial und manchmal falsch）的文章，在引言中指出，卡尔·马克思在《共产党宣言》中的预言虽然错误，但是它对于今天的我们来说，仍有教育意义。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80170%E5%B9%B4-%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%9C%8B%E5%BE%85/a-42672235?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/42672235/37916874" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" src="http://www.dw.com/image/37916874_401.jpg" title="柏林的一处马克思，恩格斯铜像" alt="Marx-Engels-Forum in Berlin (picture-alliance/dpa/Markus C. Hur)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; padding: 4px 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">柏林的一处马克思，恩格斯铜像</p></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">文章作者评论称，这个作品仍然没有失去它的活力。有170年历史的《共产党宣言》如今仍然是读者最多的着作之一 。其中的许多话已经变成了人人皆知的名言。最有名的是它的开头："一个幽灵，共产主义的幽灵，在欧洲游荡。"结尾也同样有名："无产者在这个革命中失去的只是锁链。他们获得的将是整个世界。"</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">《日报》的作者认为这两个预言都是错误的。共产主义没有实现，无产者如今能够失去的不仅仅只有他们的锁链。因为工人们也有汽车、电视和手机。所以作者问道：为什么着作的内容如今仍具吸引力呢？</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";">锁链仍在</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">在刚刚过去不久，目前看上去很有可能死灰复燃的金融危机中。《共产党宣言》中的许多关键词成为了包括"占领运动"支持者在内的许多全球化、金融化批评者们口中的常用词。比如"剥削"和"资产阶级社会"。其中的许多语句在今天看来也完全没有过时。比如："一切固定的僵化的关系以及与之相适应的素被尊崇的观念和见解都被消除了，一切新形成的关系等不到固定下来就陈旧了。一切等级的和固定的东西都烟消云散了，一切神圣的东西都被亵渎了。人们终于不得不用冷静的眼光来看他们的生活地位、他们的相互关系。"所以说，虽然工人们如今也有了汽车、电视和手机。但还是会引起《日报》的一位读者发问：这里我们所说包括电视在内的物品，不正是锁链的一部分吗？</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">如此看来，虽然大多数人不愿承认，但是《共产党宣言》在德国的粉丝数量还真不少。维藤/黑尔德克私立大学研究马克思主义的学者普利达特（Birger Priddat）曾向德国广播电台（Deutschlandfunk）表示："就算你对马克思主义完全不感兴趣，但还是要无比的尊重他。因为他是最后一个从社会以及哲学经济的角度树立关联理论的人。后无来者。虽然他后来不得不放弃，没有成功，无法亲手实践他的理论–但这是另外一回事儿了。"</p><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><div style="width: 720px; float: left;"><div data-id="37937073" data-title="细数德国各处的“马克思”与“恩格斯”" data-date="20170314" style="float: left; width: 700px; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 30px; background-color: #000000; position: static !important;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style: none inside; overflow: hidden; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 591.42px;"><li style="background-image: url("../cssi/list-blip.png"); background-position: 1px 10px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; min-height: 544px; display: block; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 7;"><div style="float: left; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 394px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #111111; clear: both; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; cursor: pointer;"><img src="http://www.dw.com/image/37776981_303.jpg" title="BdT Hölzerner Karl Marx-Schattenriss in Trier vorgestellt (picture-alliance/dpa/H. Tittel)" alt="BdT Hölzerner Karl Marx-Schattenriss in Trier vorgestellt (picture-alliance/dpa/H. Tittel)" style="width: 700px;" /></div><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; width: 700px; margin: 0px; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; min-height: 150px;"><div></div><h4>细数德国各处的“马克思”与“恩格斯”</h4><h2>来自中国的礼物</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #bbbbbb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: auto;">是否在在马克思诞辰200周年之际接受中国赠送的马克思雕像，特里尔就此展开了激烈的讨论。这座高6.3米的雕像对一些市民来说过于庞大了。也有人担心中国游客会因此潮水般的涌来。图中与雕像同样高的木质版本是一个样品。本周二，市特里尔的市议会就赠送进行了投票，参加表决的53名议员中有42人投赞同票，原则上同意接受中方赠品。</p></div></li></ul><br /><div style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; height: 40px;"><div style="position: relative; z-index: 100; left: 6px; bottom: 0px; width: 678.991px; overflow: hidden;"><div style="float: right;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; 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font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><br /></p></div></div>