<p style="padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">委内瑞拉总统马杜罗曾称中国是“老大姐”。他将与中国领导人习近平会面，希望中国协助处理委国经济危机。面对大笔未清偿债务，北京会再借钱吗？</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/45483453/45481495" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/45481495_303.jpg" title="China Peking Ankunft von Venezuelas Präsident Nicolas Maduro (Reuters/Miraflores Palace)" alt="China Peking Ankunft von Venezuelas Präsident Nicolas Maduro (Reuters/Miraflores Palace)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">马杜罗说曾于2017年3月访问中国。相隔一年多，9月13至16日，他在北京进行国事访问，盼中国商借贷款。</p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">(德国之声中文网) 马杜罗周四(9/12)抵达北京后表示，对于进一步深化中委关系“期望甚高”，希望这次访问能大力促成两国的能源投资和经贸合作。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">他说：“中国是我们的老大姐。周五我跟习近平兄弟会面时一定会很高兴。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">中国是委内瑞拉主要债权国。过去十年间，中国借贷给委内瑞拉大约500亿美元，委国则用用石油运输偿还债务，是为“贷款换石油模式”。不过作为“石油输出国家组织”(OPEC)成员国，以社会主义为主导的委内瑞拉仍欠北京200亿美元。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">据委内瑞拉管理谘询公司Ecoanalitica称，马杜罗希望中国可以再借贷50亿美元，并延长还款限期6个月。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">面对外界质疑委国还款能力，中国外交部表示两国合作进展顺利。发言人耿爽说：“所签贷款合同完全符合国际规范，所有操作都依法合规进行，所取得成果也都用于造福当地人民。”他提到委内瑞拉是中国的战略和经贸合作伙伴，马杜罗访华有利推动双边关系和助其恢复稳定发展。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">德国之声专访台湾致理科大拉美研究所所长向骏，他认为中国之所以继续帮助委内瑞拉是因为希望这个“南南合作”范例能成功。他说：“如果能够成功，可以推行到非洲”。向骏表示，虽然中国有很多要不回来的贷款，但跟委内瑞拉的合作，特别是“石油换贷款”这个地缘经济战略更重要。虽然中国在经济上的损失亏本，但能够增加在拉丁美洲影响力。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">有关中美在拉美的角力，向骏说：“美国想在委内瑞拉发动政变，这让委内瑞拉状况雪上加霜，这时中国及时伸出援手，是雪中送炭。在拉丁美洲能建立好形象。”他也强调在美国制裁委内瑞拉时，中国提出的经贸合作也有助于人民币国际化。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/45483453/45431459" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" src="https://www.dw.com/image/45431459_401.jpg" title="委内瑞拉国民因为经济惨澹出逃至临国哥伦比亚。画面中的民众穷到没有钱买车票，增加旅途险阻。" alt="Kolumbien Der Berliner Pass: der Berg des Todes für venezuelanische Migranten (Patrícia de Puyana)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">委内瑞拉国民因为经济惨澹出逃至临国哥伦比亚。画面中的民众穷到没有钱买车票，增加旅途险阻。</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">委内瑞拉</span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">通膨严重</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">这趟中国之行是马杜罗在“<a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%BA%E6%9D%80%E5%A7%94%E5%86%85%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%80%83%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%80%E5%8A%AB/a-44958181" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none;">无人机刺杀未遂事件</a>”后首次出国。在他抵达前，副总统罗德里格斯访问了北京，并会见了中国国家开发银行和中国石油天然气集团公司的官员。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">马杜罗政府大幅贬值国家货币，希望阻止国内经济陷入恶性通货膨胀。不过根据国际货币基金组织的预测，委内瑞拉的通胀率将在年底前达到1,000,000％。这使得成千上万的委内瑞拉人出逃至邻近拉美国家。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">而根据石油输出国组织的数据，委内瑞拉8月原油产量下降至每日1,448,000桶，是在2002年12月至2003年2月期间罢工外30年来的最低标。</p><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><div style="width: 720px; float: left;"><div data-id="45156299" data-title="逃离委内瑞拉：危险的旅程" data-date="20180821" data-firstcategory="19990022" style="float: left; width: 700px; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 30px; background-color: #000000; position: static !important;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style: none inside; overflow: hidden; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 561.42px;"><li style="background-image: url("../cssi/list-blip.png"); background-position: 1px 10px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; min-height: 544px; display: block; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 8;"><div style="float: left; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 394px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #111111; clear: both; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/42526464_303.jpg" title="People flood over a bridge as vewed from above (picture alliance/colprensa/J. P. Cohen)" alt="People flood over a bridge as vewed from above (picture alliance/colprensa/J. P. Cohen)" style="width: 700px;" /></div><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; width: 700px; margin: 0px; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; min-height: 150px;"><div></div><h4>逃离委内瑞拉：危险的旅程</h4><h2>震撼的画面</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #bbbbbb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: auto;">一段时间以来，每天都有3、4万人穿越315米长的西蒙玻利瓦尔大桥，逃离委内瑞拉。哥伦比亚北桑坦德省省长表示，自2015年9月，已有大约2000万委内瑞拉人跨越这条连接着委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚的大桥来到该省，登记了的就有1700万人。</p></div></li></ul><br /><div style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; height: 40px;"><div style="position: relative; z-index: 100; left: 6px; bottom: 0px; width: 678.991px; overflow: hidden;"><div style="float: right;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; 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text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">1</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p1" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">2</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p2" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">3</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p3" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">4</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p4" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">5</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p5" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">6</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p6" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">7</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A7%94%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B5%B4%E4%BA%AC%E6%B1%82%E6%8F%B4-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98/a-45483453?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p7" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">8</a></span></div></div></div></div></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><br /></p></div></div>