<div><div style="display: inline-block;"></div></div> <div style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="拉斐尔创作的圣母玛利亚和圣婴" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/6888/production/_106506762_gettyimages-587489766.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">15世纪意大利著名画家拉斐尔的名作，以圣母玛利亚怀抱圣婴为题材。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2019年复活节前夕，发生在法国首都巴黎圣母院的一场大火</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">，</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">震惊世界。当人们</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">关注</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴黎圣母院大火</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">后的损失、修复、捐助等等进展时</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">，你有没有想过谁是圣母？为什么会有如此宏大以她为名的古老教堂？</strong></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴黎圣母院，有长达850多年的历史，是全世界无数以圣母为名的教堂中最为著名的一个。这座教堂内外的精美雕像、美轮美奂的玻璃花窗，以及名家绘画，讲述的都是在西方流行两千年的耶稣基督的故事。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">如果说耶稣基督是贯穿西方宗教文化两千年来独一无二的男主角，那么耶稣基督的母亲——玛利亚则是贯穿这个故事的女主人公。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">全世界各地都有教堂以她命名；无数的画家和雕塑家以她为灵感，创作出他们心目中的圣母形象；还有音乐家们为她留下至今传唱的名曲。圣母玛利亚，堪称史上最为人敬仰的女性，也是留下最多艺术形象的女性。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">她不仅仅是基督教信徒心目中的圣母，也是在伊斯兰教《可兰经》中唯一留下名字的女性。</p><ul style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 165.16px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-43557046" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);">见证耶稣复活 玛丽亚从妓女到圣女的变迁</a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-47942316" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);">巴黎圣母院大火：马克龙称将筹款重建大教堂</a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-43645196" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);">中国网店下架《圣经》突然执法折射了什么</a></li></ul><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">被深深打上宗教烙印的玛利亚，其地位之崇高可谓“一人之下万人之上”。然而，如果这是一个真实故事，那么她曾几何时不过是生活在如今以色列地区的一个普通人家的姑娘：只因上天垂爱，她先忍受了未婚先孕的屈辱；后因命运使然，她又经历了白发人送黑发人的哀痛。</p><h2>玛利亚</h2><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="法国诺曼底一个教堂中的圣母和圣婴" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17F34/production/_106500189_26269ed0-5098-4840-958b-c07567e59bc6.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">法国诺曼底一个教堂中的圣母和圣婴</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">玛利亚的名字，在英语中是Mary，在希伯来语中是Mariam/Maryam，在拉丁语中为Maria。《可兰经》中的第19章，以Maryam为题。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">如今有关她的身世生平，留下的故事并不多。然而，从《圣经》的四篇福音书，却能大略了解这个女孩的人生轨迹。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">玛利亚生于以色列北部加利利。如果根据耶稣基督的出生日来判断，她应该出生在公元前 15年前后，于公元40年前后去世。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">有关玛利亚如何成为耶稣的母亲，《圣经》新约路加福音书（Luke）中有最多的故事细节：</strong></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">上帝派天使加布里亚去加利利的一个小镇纳扎勒斯（Nazareth）找童贞女玛利亚。她已经与大卫王的后裔约瑟夫订婚。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="英国威尔士一个教堂（Llandaff Cathedral in Wale）中的圣母和圣婴雕像" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/13114/production/_106500187_2f9c48fa-da40-4b31-a9d0-736495d993a1.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">英国威尔士一个教堂中的圣母和圣婴雕像</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">天使找到玛利亚说：“你好！你这个特别受到恩宠的人。主与你同在！”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">玛利亚听到他的话很惊慌，想着这都是什么打招呼的话啊。但是天使跟她说：别害怕，玛利亚，你已经得到特别的恩宠。你要怀孕生子，要给他取名为耶稣。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">玛利亚问天使说：“这怎么可能？我还是黄花闺女。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">天使说：“圣灵将降临于你，至高无上者的大能将荫庇你，因此你要生的圣者，必称为神的儿子。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一个妙龄少女，骤然之间天降大任，要冒着未婚先孕的巨大风险成为救世主的母亲，普通的女孩会做出什么反应？</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">路加福音书没有描述少女玛利亚是否惊慌失措、是否经历了犹豫和抉择。故事中她只是回答说：“我是神的使女。你说的一切就让它发生在我身上好了。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">未婚先孕，在现代的很多地方，仍然是不容于社会习俗的惊世骇人之举。在两千年前的中东，一个未婚先孕的女孩应该也不容于家庭和社会：她们可能被卖为奴，还可能被处以石刑，在大庭广众下被石头活活砸死。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">路加福音书中没有提及玛利亚的未婚夫对玛利亚的身孕作何感想和打算，不过马太福音（Matthew）中这样写道：因为约瑟夫是个正派的人，不愿意让外人知道此事羞辱她，心里拿定主意悄悄地休了这门亲事。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">结果，天使向他托梦说：约瑟夫，大卫的儿子，不要害怕把玛利亚娶回家为妻，因为她身上怀的是圣灵的骨肉，她要生个儿子，你给他取名耶稣，因为他将把子民们从罪孽中拯救出来。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="英国东萨塞克斯圣母教堂中的一幅玻璃窗画（the church of St Mary the Virgin, Willingdon, East Sussex）" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/F2CA/production/_106545126_2f10b65a-1330-4c51-a028-c5eb78f47176.jpg" width="3812" height="4850" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">世界各地很多教堂的雕花玻璃画中，都描述玛利亚被天使告知怀孕以及耶稣诞生的故事。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">约瑟夫梦醒后按照天使的话做了，娶了玛利亚为妻。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">路加福音接下来讲述了耶稣诞生的故事。就在玛利亚预产期之前，罗马帝国在全国统治范围全面展开了一次人口普查。约瑟夫带着玛利亚回到祖籍地伯利恒去办人口普查登记手续。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">那一年的12月24日，约瑟夫和玛利亚投宿到一家客栈。客房全满，他们只好在马厩里过夜。就在简陋的马厩里，玛利亚生下耶稣基督。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这就是世人皆知的圣诞故事。耶稣基督降生前的平安夜，少女玛利亚是怎样的处境？完全没有生产经验的她是否慌张害怕？她没有舒适的产房，没有产婆帮忙，更没有现代人熟悉的产科设备，一切都要因陋就简。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“她生下了头胎，是个儿子。她用布把他包起来，放在了马槽里。”</p><h2>母亲</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">虽然玛利亚从一开始就知道这个儿子的不同凡响，但她对耶稣究竟会怎样拯救众生应该并没有先见之明。路加福音中提及，在耶稣年幼时，玛利亚和约瑟夫带着孩子去耶路撒冷，要把他献给上帝。在圣殿上，他们遇到了一个“公义又虔诚的”先知般的人物——西蒙。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">西蒙对玛利亚说的一番话，应该是他对未来玛利亚将要承受丧子之痛的警告。 他说：“这孩子命中注定将让以色列的许多人跌倒许多人站起，要成为被诋毁的标志，好让很多人心中的意念显露出来。而你的心灵也要被剑刺穿。”</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/CBBA/production/_106545125_9d8dcdb6-43ff-479e-845d-8aba4d2b332c.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">AFP</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">意大利著名画家达芬奇笔下的《最后的晚餐》。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">西蒙的预言，在耶稣被门徒出卖钉上十字架时得到了验证。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">公元33年，春分后的第一个月圆夜，耶稣和门徒们一起吃了一顿饭，达芬奇曾为此画过《最后的晚餐》。当晚半夜，他被捕。第二天，经过审判，受到鞭刑和羞辱后，耶稣背负十字架游街示众，最后被钉死在十字架上。这一天，被称为耶稣受难日。他在三天之后复活的故事，如今成为西方复活节假期的来历。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">对一个母亲来说，还有什么比眼睁睁看着自己的儿子受尽侮辱被钉死在十字架上更加刺痛灵魂深处呢？</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">约翰福音中写道，在耶稣被钉的十字架旁，站着他的母亲、他的姨妈、克罗帕的妻子玛利亚，和抹大拉的玛利亚。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“当耶稣看见他的母亲在那里，看见自己所爱的门徒站在母亲身边，他向母亲说：亲爱的妇人，这是你的儿子。又向门徒说，这是你的母亲。从那以后，这位门徒将玛利亚带回自己的家中照顾。”</p><ul style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 165.16px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; 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border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);">宗教能否让我们更爱护环境？</a></li></ul><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="15世纪著名北欧画家罗杰·范·德·韦登（Roger van der. Weyden）的《埋葬》（Entombment ）" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/DDB8/production/_106506765_gettyimages-541245878.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="976" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 976px; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">15世纪著名北欧画家罗杰·范·德·韦登（Roger van der. Weyden）的《埋葬》（Entombment ），再现圣母玛利亚悲哀的表情。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">套用现在流行的说法，儿子虽然从小显露超出常人的智慧和能力，玛利亚却并不是一个“虎妈”。耶稣长大成人后当了一个木匠。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">不过从《圣经》中的故事来看，玛利亚从一开始就是耶稣“创业”过程中不可或缺的中心人物。约翰福音中讲述了耶稣在婚宴上将水化为美酒的故事，这也是他第一次展示奇迹。此时的玛利亚，对儿子的能力应该已经了然于心。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“酒喝完了，耶稣的妈妈对他说：他们没酒了。耶稣回答：亲爱的妇人，你为什么要让我来管？我还没到时候呢。他妈妈跟仆人说：他怎么说你怎么做吧。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在《圣经》故事中，玛利亚是集勇敢、坚强、仁爱、智慧、隐忍、顺从等等美德于一身的圣母，她流芳百世受人景仰，不仅仅因为她养育了完美的儿子，还因为她是信徒心目中完美女性的化身。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">玛利亚虽然经历过万箭穿心般的丧子之痛，最后应该“颐享天年”。她十几岁时生下儿子，儿子33岁那年离她而去。《圣经》故事中对耶稣离开人世后她的生活没有更多的细节。人们只能推测，她去世时应该已经有50多岁。这在2千年前，算得上是高寿。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">信徒们相信，圣母玛利亚去世后得以升天。她与心爱的孩子在天堂里永远地幸福生活。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这算是一个母亲最大的愿望吧。圣母玛利亚做到了。玛利亚的故事，在信徒中千古传诵，而且还将继续流传下去。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; margin-right: 165.16px; margin-left: 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</p></div></div><div style="border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: #dbdbdb; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dbdbdb; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 16px 81.3281px 0px auto; padding: 0px 0px 16px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: left;"><h2>相关主题内容</h2><ul style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 165.16px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; display: inline-block; background-color: #ffffff;"><li data-entityid="topic_link" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;"></li></ul></div>