<div> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:KaiTi"> 獻給全體援華抗戰的美國軍人</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"> </p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"> </p> <p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:28.55pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:1.0cm;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:黑体">當你們回家的時候,告訴他們關於我們的故事,告訴他們:“為了你們的明天,我們奉獻了我們的今天”。 </span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:28.55pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";">—</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";">——</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";">美國賓夕法尼亞國家公墓“中緬印戰區”紀念碑銘文</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">2012</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">年美國獨立日,我和幾位友人</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white">去探望</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">援華抗戰老兵文達爾•菲利普斯。一進門,老人送了我們每人一樣禮物:一面杂志封面大小的星條旗。離開前,我們手執此旗一一與他擁抱道別。我最後一個出大樓,萬裡無雲,空氣透亮,寬闊的停車場陽光燦爛。走出幾十米,我突然回轉身,用這面小星條旗向樓門口目送我們的文達爾示意,請他回去,這時他大聲對我說了一句話。不等話音落地,他又將這話重復了一次。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family: "宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">他聲音蒼老,洪亮依舊,聲波震動九十華氏度高溫,傳入我的耳膜,旋即敲擊了我的心臟。朋友們已然走遠,只有我聽見了這句話。五個小時的歸途中,我將這句話語捧起來不斷端詳,一遍遍地問自己:等到某個時候,我有沒有足夠的能力用自己的語言,對自己的同胞,或者對被遺忘的歷史,複述這句話語,使人們聽懂這句話語?</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">1 </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white">德軍</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">戰俘</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;"> 文達爾•菲利普斯是清教徒的後代,成長於美國東部一個安謐鄉村。少年時代,他在教堂唱詩班的歌聲中涵泳;</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">18</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">歲,他的聖詠被日軍對珍珠港的狂轟濫炸震擾;</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">19</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">歲,他離開正在就讀的紐約州立大學波茨坦音樂學院,應征入伍參加訓練;</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">20</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">歲,分配到空軍航空運輸部做空中無線電機械操作員,遂派往二戰歐洲戰區參戰。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;"> 文達爾先進入英格蘭和北歐戰場,駐守在英格蘭南部海岸線,為法國抵抗納粹入侵緊急運送軍用物資,後轉移到巴黎市郊的美國空軍基地執行同樣的任務。很多時候他必須在冰雪天氣中飛行,曾經五次從飛機失事的險境中奇蹟般脫險。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;"> 1944</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">年</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">8</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">月,他的戰鬥運輸機飛臨法國和比利時邊境上空,被納粹飛機擊落,這次他的幸運不再,被納粹俘虜,在醫院接受治療。在一個漆黑的夜晚,他與另外兩名戰俘一起,</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";">越出了戰俘營的高壓電鐵絲網。他們夜行敵占區,晝宿林莽或藏身於農家牲圈,如是三天三夜。第三天,一個農民在自家羊圈羊群中發現了他。語言不通,備受困擾,好歹弄清了他的身份,把他藏的更深了:藏進了地窖。直到有一天,來了一個天主教神父,與法國地下組織接上了關係,最終幫助他返回隊伍。</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2013/Oct/10620136-1a.jpg" width="217" height="285" alt="" /><br /></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif"; color:#0070C0;background:white">圖1,二戰時期文達爾·菲利普斯二十出頭,年輕又英俊。</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif"; color:#0070C0;background:white">北明翻拍於2008年2月文達爾公寓。</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">這並不意味着“解脫”。同年</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">10</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">月初,文達爾•菲利普斯剛過完</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">21</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">歲生日,就奉命奔赴中緬印戰區,編入美國十四航空隊,執行援華抗戰的任務。多年後,菲利普斯在他那極為簡單的簡歷中寫道:“</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">1944</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">年感恩節前後。我們要飛越喜馬拉雅山,航線介於中國和我駐扎的印度或緬甸之間,叫做‘駝峰’”。他的使命是從印度加布瓦(</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">Chabua</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">)空軍基地運送軍用物資到中國昆明。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">2 </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">日軍戰俘</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 空運軍事物資到中國,需要在世界屋脊上保持</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">6100</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">米飛行高度,並與嚴酷詭譎的氣候搏鬥。美國空軍為此付出了慘重的代價,幾乎每天都有事故發生。失事的飛機殘骸在駝峰山谷中隱約可見,陽光晴好時,甚至連為飛行員們的地面路標,被稱為“鋁谷”。文達爾抵達時,美軍為了減少事故率、增加運輸量,已經撤換了三任指揮官,建立了嚴格的空運安全規章制度,運輸量一路飆升。文達爾受命於空運的第四位總指揮,</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">威廉•騰納爾(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";background:white;">William H. Tunner</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">)</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">將軍,幾乎參與了空運高效運行的全過程。他是空運主力飛機,</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">C-46</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">大型運輸機的導航員,</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">116</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">次飛越駝峰。一年前他步入本土飛行訓練基地時,從未想到要在地球上最高山峰、最惡劣氣候中施展自己的導航技術。關於這段經歷,他所言無多,他的陳述糾纏在他的飛機失事之後。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">C-46</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">是個龐然大物,液壓助動,雖然操作簡單,但危機潛伏。盛夏</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">7</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">月,他與兩名飛行員飛往上海附近執行任務,中途飛機劇烈震動,導致嚴重漏油,終於動力系統失靈,飛機在一片稻田上空急速沉落……</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">1945</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">年</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">7</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">月,半個中國盡被日軍佔領,敵占區百姓救助美國失事空軍飛行員不遺餘力。可是這一次,大難中落地未死的文達爾,背上盟軍專用的中文“血幅”沒來得及起作用,他那高加索骨骼面容決定了他的命運。菲利普斯醒來後感覺全身劇痛,身下顛簸不已,是汽車發動機隆隆作響,四周卻一片黑暗。伸臂伸腿,左右上下試探,他發現自己被困在一個極為窄小的空間裡。幾分鐘後,他意識到這是一輛行進中的汽車的後備箱。他張嘴呼救,卻聲音微弱,顛簸中,他按奈住劇烈的頭痛,想弄明白自己為何身處此境。最後他憶起了失去知覺前的最後一幕:……飛機迫降,轟然墜地,機身裂成了兩半。他身不由己,物器一樣翻滾著,最後被飛機殘骸帶著最後一衝。……螺旋槳旋轉飛出,兩名飛行員在他眼前被打成了肉醬!他作為導航員的位置使他免遭同樣厄運——他的位置在飛機的另一半裡,遠離螺旋槳。他掙扎起身,想脫離可能即將爆炸的殘骸,接著意識模糊,失去了知覺……</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 無法統計在後備箱裡過了多少時辰,車停了下來,後備箱打開了。光線刺眼,他先是聽見唔哩哇啦的日語,接著看清是氣勢洶洶的日軍。他們把他拽出來,拖進一座大樓,架上很多層樓梯。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 沒多久,他們開始脫他的衣服,美國空軍飛行服:上裝、下裝、軍靴、軍帽。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">接著脫:內衣、內褲、襪子。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">繼續脫:揪下了他脖子上戴的十字架和軍人身份牌。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">文達爾·菲利普斯赤條條一絲不掛了。這個美國空軍時年</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">22</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">歲,身高</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">1.88</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">米,結實強壯。此刻淪為階下囚,被迫赤身裸體,如脫毛的火雞,一覽無遺地站在獵人面前。他全力抵抗着想把自己藏起來的慾望。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 倭人矬他兩頭,但群結如蠅,他們把這高大、雪白、多毛的裸體推搡到走廊,按在一個直背的鐵椅子上,開始捆綁:腿捆在椅子腿上,腰綁在椅子背上,臀部綁在椅座上……他與椅子結結實實連成了一體。只有一左一右兩隻胳膊是多餘的。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他們把兩隻胳膊從背後拉住,把兩隻手背相向反綁在一起。綁得仔細,綁得結實,綁得難以忪套。然後他們把這兩隻手用繩子提住,往上猛拉。拉到極限時,往上推;推不動時,往上頂;頂不動時,用膝蓋往上衝……他的胳膊脫臼了,稀里嘩啦不聽使喚。兩個拇指蓋被拔了出來,雙手血肉模糊。這個巨人在掙扎中昏死了過去。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">日本人大汗淋漓,咧嘴大笑,他們終於讓這個人高馬大的高加索人變成了一堆廢肉。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 多年以後,文達爾坐在華盛頓雙樹賓館客房柔和的燈光裡,對我講述這段經歷。我不禁打斷他問:“他們知道你的美國軍人吧?”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> “當然。”他接著說:“他們對我的所有東西都感興趣,無論什麼!他們利用這些裝備為他們的戰爭目的服務,穿上我們的軍服,他們就可以四處游動,冒充我們的人!當然,他們最想要的是我們的靴子!為什麼?哦上帝,那可是最棒最棒的靴子!”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> “他們為什麼折磨你?是想獲得軍事情報還是別的原因?”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> “</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">No</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">!他們不過是要讓我知道誰說了算!”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 日軍在侵華期間開了幾項現代戰爭史先河:轟炸上海,開轟炸無抵抗区域先河;南京大屠殺,開屠殺平民先河;投放病毒到華北等多個地區,開大規模使用細菌戰先河;把放下武器的軍人摧殘致死,開虐待戰俘先河。文達爾雖是戰俘,他所遭受的是非人待遇。日軍對抗戰陪都重慶實施持續數年、花樣翻新的轟炸,據稱是為了打垮中國的民族的氣節,中國人既然是東亞病夫,弱而不敗,敗而不降是不可以的。但是,如果他們虐殺中國人乃是因為持有與納粹屠殺猶太人相同的理由:一切劣等民族均在被殺之列,那麼他們虐待盟軍戰俘,理由又是什麼呢?即便納粹,也沒有如此無緣無故地孽待戰俘!</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 我沒問文達爾。這個問題對於一個年輕單純的民族而言,幾乎是天問。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 不過文達爾後來告訴我,他受虐待的地點是上海,被關押的大樓是的“國際基督教青年會”大樓。上海市國際基督教青年會大樓裡,當時關押着日軍逮捕的各盟軍戰俘:英軍的、美軍的、印度軍的、澳大利亚军的,当然還有國軍的。文達爾這次被俘,沒有享有到德軍戰俘的相同待遇,沒有被送進醫院治療,沒有機會與自己的同胞戰友相遇,更沒有機會逃離。</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2013/Oct/10620136-2a.jpg" width="388" height="381" alt="" /><br /></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:white">圖2,抗戰時期上海基督教會青年會大樓前側。</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman"; color:#0070C0">這座建築始</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0;">建於</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0070C0;">1929</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman"; color:#0070C0;">年,建成於</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0070C0;">1931</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">,</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:white">現在的地址是</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0;">上海</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">市</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman"; color:#0070C0;">黃埔區西藏南路</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0070C0;">123</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0;">號</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">。</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:white">它是日軍關押虐待各國盟軍戰俘的見證。</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "宋体","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:white">郭恩楊2012年8月12日攝於這座大樓前庭</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他此後再也沒有回到自己的衣服裡。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">那座大樓是他逃不出去的盔甲。他的“衣服”是一間極小的囚室,大約一張半單人床的面積。囚室內只有一堆潮濕的稻草</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">,</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">在水泥地板上散發着腐臭氣息。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 日本人盡興完畢,將他與鐵椅子分離,皮肉蹭</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">着</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">水泥地,把他拖進這間巴掌大的囚室,扔在地板上。門鎖上之後,室內一片漆黑。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">白天沒有日光,夜晚沒有燈光,眼睛成了多餘的器官。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 事實上,他擁有的一切全都跟他身上的衣服一起刪除了。剩下的是不能刪除的東西:“一點點米”、“一點很髒的水”、“一個瓷碗”。文達爾作為人的屬性被消解,他作為戰俘的權利也被剝奪了,他們“偶爾”給他這點吃的,是為了他苟延殘喘中不至於死掉。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 禁閉導致窒息、黑暗導致失明、飢餓導致體力衰弱、創傷導致的極度疼痛……文達爾生不如死,一如那些被關進鐵籠子,專供每日獵取膽汁的黑熊。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 日軍隔三差五拉他出去施暴作樂。每次牢門聲音大作,光線刺目,唔哩哇啦的叫喊震動耳膜,旋即被他們拖架出去的時候,他都確信這次他必死無疑。在日寇手中,他才明白,此前他落入德軍手中乃是一種幸運,包含</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">97</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">項條款的維護戰俘基本人權待遇的“日內瓦國際公約”,日本雖然正式簽署了,但不如他身下一根腐爛的稻草。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">在無休止的羞辱和虐待中,他等待着最後的一次。可是他不確切知道何時是他的大限,因此他隨時處於死亡等候狀態。經歷過的人知道,朝夕等死,是一種超過死亡本身的恐怖,沒有人能夠長久地承受下去而神經、精神、心理不受損害。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">如果有一件事能夠驅走這種比等待死亡更摧残人的恐怖,那就是死亡本身。文達爾因禍得</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">“</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">福</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">”</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">:吃喝拉撒睡被迫一体化在斗囚中,污食浊水充饥,衛生设施全無,正逢菌痢多发季節,他很快就被腸胃絞痛裹挾,接著高熱不退,空空如也的肚</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">子</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">裡翻江倒海,腹瀉不止,膿血塗地,——他染上了阿米巴痢疾。人說,好漢經不住三泡稀,日甚一日,他很快就氣若游絲了,恐懼、焦慮、甚至意識和軀體刺激性反應,一一離他遠去。他已經沒有能力專心致志地等死了。這個轉戰歐洲、中緬印兩個戰場,數百次飛臨納粹、倭寇兩大敵占區,上百次飛越駝峰的生龙活虎、年輕力壯的高加索軀體,並不在巴丹半島死亡行軍之列,也沒有送到日本去</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">充</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">當勞工,卻在短短</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">26</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">天之内,開始了死亡倒計時。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">3 </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">解放</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 似乎很久沒人拉他出去毒打了。黑夜太長了,比以往長很多很多。即便日本人忘記了他,他們也該彼此打鬥吵鬧!幾點了?在沒有任何光線的空間裡,他的時間只有兩個鐘點:就是白天和黑夜;只有一個坐標,就是樓裡日本人的打鬧。通常,只要他們在樓裡打鬧,就是白晝時間。可是囚室外突然間長久地寂靜下來了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> “我什麼也聽不到,非常安靜,完全徹底的死寂。”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 正像在駝峰漫天暴風雪中,飛行儀錶盤的失靈使他失去空間感一樣,無光無聲的世界裡,他失去了時間感覺。他勉力支撐住。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 一個飽受摧殘、斷絕食物、染有沈痾、無人料理的生命能支撐多久?</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 意識到大樓裡死寂的時候,一天時光已然過去,第二天正瀰漫著死神氣息咄咄逼人。無所謂,無論如何,他只能聽天由命。文達爾在徹底的黑暗和寂靜中撐過了兩天。他甚至沒有想到要站起來敲一下門。他說:他沒有一絲力氣了。即便有力氣,他也不願意去敲門,那就等於督促日軍前來再度摧殘他。他寧願他們忘記他的存在,讓他安靜地死去。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 第三天,元氣即將耗盡,意識若即若離,靈魂偶爾出竅,他恍惚覺得自己要回家了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">第四天,陷入昏睡狀態,所有器官加速衰竭,感覺神經開始麻木。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 被日軍虐待、殘害致死的盟軍戰俘總數接近</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">4</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">萬,文達爾已經加入那個行列,他的生命倒計接近零點了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 就在這時,突然“哐噹”一聲巨響!刺目的光線直逼面前。文達爾殘存的意識被驚醒,他明白,囚門被猛烈踹開了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">“日本人回來了!”這一念飛快掠過大腦皮——魔鬼休息完畢,再度出現了,今天定是他的死期!</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他下意識地舉起一隻臂膀,要遮住自己的眼睛。可是手臂如同地上腐爛的稻草,豎不起來。不敢閉上眼睛聽任擺佈,他本能地縮成一團,掙扎出最後一盎司力氣,準備聽命死神將他捉拿歸案。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">這時,他聽見了一句話。是一句母語,發音純正,標準的美利堅合眾國東海岸口音。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">對文達爾而言,這句話有如原子彈,轟然爆炸,讓他徹底震撼。這句話是:</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> “嘿伙計,戰爭都結束了,你還呆著這兒幹什麼!?”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 蘑菇雲!蘑菇雲在文達爾體內隆然升起,如同血液催化劑,他被溶解掉了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"> </p> </div> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";background:white;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2013/Oct/10620136-3a.jpg" width="245" height="327" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; color:#0070C0;background:white">圖3,上海基督教青年會大樓現在對外營業。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; color:#0070C0;background:white">網絡圖片</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2013/Oct/10620136-4a.jpg" width="288" height="324" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; color:#0070C0;background:white">圖4,上海基督教青年會是</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">中國僅存的基督教背景的大型建築,已被列入上海市文物保護重點。它作為日軍虐待各國盟軍戰俘的歷史見證性質,多年來不被提及。郭恩楊攝於</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0070C0">2012</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman"; color:#0070C0">年</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";color:#0070C0">8</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">月</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; color:#0070C0">12</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0">日</span></p> </div> <span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";Times New Roman";color:#0070C0;background:white;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">4 </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">生息</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 1945</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">年</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">8</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">月</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">11</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">號是上海歷史性的一天。萬民歡騰的不眠之夜之後,上海迎來一個不同尋常的清晨,所有大街小巷都被沿海日本駐軍的車輛塞滿,所有車輛都向上海跑馬總會匯聚。上海跑馬總會在近百年歷史中兵連禍結,在八年抗戰期間歷盡屈辱,這一天,為歷史見證了華東地區日本皇軍的敗相:</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">跑馬場地臨時搭起來一個高台,台面空空如也,唯獨豎着一個旗桿,落着一把高腳椅。旗桿上沒有青天白日。椅背上搭着一</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">款</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">黃色佩帶,象徵他們的天皇。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> </span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">近萬名日本軍人聚集完畢。接下來升旗、唱歌、槍斃在押反戰日軍囚徒。然後聆聽留聲機傳出的天皇投降命令,鬼哭狼嚎,搥胸頓足,著實嚇人。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 跑馬場的日本陰霾遮不住天空的太陽,倭人的哭嚎壓不住黃浦江的濤聲。陽光裡,江面上,乘風破浪來了英美盟軍戰艦。盟軍一進城,先清場,如同蘇軍美軍在歐洲各大集中營解放猶太囚徒一樣。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 有三位英美盟軍的憲兵,在那一天搜查到基督教青年會大樓。來到文達爾的囚室前,發現囚門鎖著,其中一人猛然一腳,踹開了囚門。刺眼的白光頓時劈開囚內的黑暗。其中一位美國憲兵用諧謔歡樂的問話,在文達爾的地獄扔下了那顆原子彈。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> ……三個憲兵架着他出囚室。他仍舊一次不掛。與此同時,看見了眾多一絲不掛的盟軍戰俘。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 憲兵們發給他一些東西:一雙美國軍靴,兩件破爛衣服,幾塊美金。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他自由了。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他在上海街頭四處蹓躂。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 上海正擁抱解放的歡樂,一任年輕的解放者們滿世界淘氣。美軍士兵滿城驚嘆小腳女人、長辮男人。他們照貓畫虎,穿起龍袍馬褂、戴着西瓜帽,招搖過市。再不就是跟三輪車夫換位,拉著車夫,脫下軍靴,撒開丫子滿城亂跑。還不過癮,乾脆舉辦“人力車皇后”競賽,讓車夫們拉著盟軍女兵比賽。此一舉轟動上海城,大街小巷觀者如堵、呼聲震聾、兩國國旗招展 ……。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 文達爾·菲利普斯是農家子弟,去過的最大室內空間是教堂,住過的最大社區是鄉鎮。大上海的熱鬧與繁華,新鮮歸新鮮,並未讓他感懷。那座城市讓他終生銘記的,是兩件其他的事。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 一件,他偶然從街上的大櫥窗裡遇見了一個人。此人直愣愣盯著他,形貌極為不堪。他經不住人家這麼盯視,下意識地背轉離去,余光中,他發現那人也轉身離去。他禁不住一回頭,想再看一眼,那人偏巧也回過頭來又看他一眼。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 這一眼看上去有點面熟!</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 突然他腦袋轟地一聲:那人就是他自己!</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 熙熙攘攘的人群裡,文達爾被自己的形象嚇的夠嗆: </span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 一棵風乾枯竭的樹!枝杈上掛著兩件破衣服。樹幹搖晃,風吹欲倒。腦袋上叢生着缺水的蒿草,鬍子寧死不屈地向四面擴張,似乎要努力覆蓋額頭下面的荒地。荒地上皺紋如瘦樹的皮膚,顏色灰裡泛青。最嚇人的是眼睛,如同樹幹上深陷進去的兩個鳥窩,被蛇蠍掏得一干二淨!</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他吃驚地從那一干二淨的鳥窩中望著自己,難以置信。雖然身高仍然</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">1</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">米</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">88</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">,其後他才知道,他</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">190</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">斤的體重卻只剩了</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">95</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">斤。在青年會大樓的</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">30</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">天時間裡,他平均每天減重</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">3.76</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">斤!不剩下這棵枯樹,還能剩下什麼?</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 這棵樹復又抽枝發芽,是兩個白俄人精心料理的結果。這是文達爾一生追憶、不能忘懷的發生在上海的另一件事。</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">1917</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">年俄國布爾什維克革命摧毀俄國傳統社會基礎,橫掃產業與權利階層,二十年代,遠東地區白軍對布爾什維克的抵抗失敗,大量上層貴族、白軍軍官、皇權官吏、地主商賈等流亡到自由中國,先後經陸路抵達哈爾濱或經海路逃亡上海。他們被廢除了俄國公民身份,因而不能享有治外法權;不懂英語,躋身於這個國際都市,卻找不到像樣的白領工作;不通漢語,更不善體力勞動,無法與本地勞工競爭,大多數人生活處於困境。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 幫助文達爾的兩位白俄是極少的例外:通英語,是當地中學教員,日子因此能隨著日月旋轉。那一天,他們從大街上把這棵美國枯樹帶回了家!培土、澆水、施肥……雨露陽光,無微不至。溫軟的語調,潔淨的環境,簡單可口的飯菜、關切的眼神……空氣中種滿了溫馨,燈光如溫泉般柔和。女人的手指細細長長,男人的問詢善良誠懇……他們的愛,使一隻腳仍在鬼門關的文達爾,完全徹底回到人間。與滿城嬉戲作樂的美國大兵全然不同,隨著體力和心力的恢復,文達爾胸中被溫情脹滿,有如黃埔一江水,止不住要奔騰起來。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 兩位白俄不是姐妹,是夫婦。否則,難說他不會墮入情網。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 他必須歸隊,可是多年後他仍然對我說:“我真的不想離開!”</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;"> 回首往事,他的腳步總是越過基督教青年會大樓,走向法租界那間不起眼的小屋,一次次駐留在那裡。歲月既久,懷念且深,漸漸變成遺憾,深切悵然:他沒有記下他們的名字,西方望東方,山嶽不知人海茫茫。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent: 22.2pt;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif";background:white;">不過這是後話,事實是,文達爾在此後</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">36</span><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white;">年漫長的時間裡,拒絕回首往事。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent: 22.2pt;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"宋体","sans-serif"; background:white">(待續)</span></p><div> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></p></div>