饿乡纪程:探寻1959年河南商城“死绝村”

<p align="center" style="text-indent:48.85pt;"><br /></p><div>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在查阅</span>1959<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年河南商城饥荒的资料时,笔者注意到了以下一些记载:&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">1959年冬、1960年春,信阳地区发生了严重的死人事件。据统计,全区&#8230;&#8230;死绝5万多户,村庄毁灭1万多个</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn1" name="_ednref1"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[i]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;仅</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">息县就有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">639个村子死绝,固始县&#8216;全县无人烟的村庄有400多个&#8217;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn2" name="_ednref2"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[ii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。而商城县,&#8220;死绝村庄</span>453<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn3" name="_ednref3"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[iii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这些村子&#8220;死绝&#8221;的原因是什么?分布在哪里?范围有多广?现在是否还能找到当年的一些蛛丝马迹?带着这些问题,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">今年</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>29<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,笔者来到商城县北部的上石桥镇,在一家自行车修理摊上买了一辆旧自行车,以此为代步工具,由此开始了</span>20<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">余天的探寻商城&#8220;死绝村&#8221;之旅。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:24.1pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">一、&#8220;人都死了,再说这些有啥用啊?&#8221;</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:24.1pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这是一年内我第三次来商城采访。根据前两次众多受访者的介绍,我把探寻重点放在饥荒相对严重的上石桥、鄢岗、双椿铺和观庙四个镇</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn4" name="_ednref4"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[iv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在</span>55<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年后的今天,亲历者绝大多数已离世,健在者也已风烛残年,相当一部分耳背、记忆衰退,甚至神智不清,一个村子能找到三五个可以交流的亲历者已相当不易。除了要打消受访者因骗子猖獗而产生的戒备心理,还要帮助他们克服长期以来因政治高压形成的恐惧心理。很多人还问:人都死了,再说这些有啥用啊?</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">尽管耐心说服,在笔者找到的见证者中,仍有三到四成的人以&#8220;记不清了&#8221;、&#8220;糊涂了&#8221;婉拒。</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>31<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日下午在上石桥镇街头,三个干部模样的老汉说:&#8220;我们都是共产党员,不说共产党的坏话&#8221;。</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>4<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日下午,当年任西李集支书的叶孝友多次对我说,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">历史不能搞,败坏党的名誉,不能把饿死人的历史往下传</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn5" name="_ednref5"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[v]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">从</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>30<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,至</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>21<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日离开商城,共</span>23<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">天</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn6" name="_ednref6"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[vi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,走访自然村约</span>69<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个,受访者仅有姓名或叙述可查的就有</span>174<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人,其中当时担任公社、大队或生产队干部的</span>29<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">加上前两次的,以上三个数字分别为近</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">80</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">、不下</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">200</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">以及</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">31</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:21.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">二、我一度对能找到&#8220;死绝村&#8221;产生怀疑</span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在上石桥的两天半时间里,先后去过金刚、杨寨以及河凤桥的新桥等七、八个行政村,得到了一些令人惊骇的饥荒事实,如:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">杨寨王门楼</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">80多人,最后剩下20多人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn7" name="_ednref7"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[vii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">新桥霍围子,本有六七十人,剩下不到</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">20人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn8" name="_ednref8"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[viii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">令我意外的是,当问到&#8220;附近是否有生产队全部饿死或跑光,因而村子荒废&#8221;了时,所有的受访者众口一词:没有。因有人说,鄢岗以前是商城的北大荒,灾情最严重,我便寄希望于能在鄢岗找到一些&#8220;死绝村&#8221;。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">前两次来商城时,我就听到一些当事人谈到鄢岗一带的惨状。</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">&#8220;商城县最大的右派&#8221;陈庆喜,文革中曾定居鄢岗高台下郭楼。他在笔记中逐户记下了下郭楼&#8220;过粮食关&#8221;的情况(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun">如图一</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">):该村</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">1958年时65人,&#8220;过粮食关&#8221;非正常死亡46人,加上改嫁、投亲靠友的6人,1960年仅余13人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn9" name="_ednref9"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[ix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2015/Jan/1102015f1.jpg" width="600" height="450" alt="" /></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun">(图一:陈庆喜老人记录下郭楼死人情况的笔记)</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在鄢岗,随着采访的深入,一幅幅悲惨的景象随着受访者的叙述复现出来。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">徐寨黄楼,原有七八十人,最后剩下十来个人。</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">绝户的</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">4家中,闰天民家一个宅子,5口人死绝。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">王胜铎家原来住在工(音)寨,当时这个生产队有</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">210人,最后只剩下18人。王说:&#8220;我家原来有7口人,我父母,3个弟弟,1个妹妹。我是老大,当时16了。我父亲饿死了以后,&#8230;&#8230;我妈说,顾大的,不顾小的,生活无法维持,都顾,都是死。&#8230;&#8230;最后我们家就落了我一个&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn10" name="_ednref10"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[x]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">西李集朱小店原有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">100多人,剩下十来个人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn11" name="_ednref11"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">西李集陈破宅,&#8220;过粮食关&#8221;前</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">168人,过后就剩57人了。仅受访者提到的死绝户就有9户。村民刘光寿说:&#8220;有一天一早上,两三个小时,我们就埋了六七个人&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn12" name="_ednref12"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">祈楼敖楼原有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">136人,剩下49人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn13" name="_ednref13"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xiii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">刘双楼合昌房原有一百四五十人,剩下</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">60人。绝户12家</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn14" name="_ednref14"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xiv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">以上所列,均为多位亲历者现场讨论提供的信息,且大多经笔者逐户计算核实,内容翔实,可靠程度高。以下是单个当事人的叙述:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">祈楼后双塘剩下几个人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn15" name="_ednref15"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鲇鱼山炭木桥周后湾,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">200多人,剩下一二十人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn16" name="_ednref16"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">西李集任楼,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">70多人,剩下10人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn17" name="_ednref17"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">西李集李老营,六七十人,剩下</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">20人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn18" name="_ednref18"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">徐寨上岗,一百四五十人,活下来的有</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">10多人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn19" name="_ednref19"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗东下畈老葛家的宅子,几家就剩下</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">1个瞎子</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn20" name="_ednref20"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xx]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">刘双楼柳林岗,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">130多人,剩下30多人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn21" name="_ednref21"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">徐寨下楼原有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">47人,剩下叙述者朱逢雨一家5人,后来又搬来两户6人,村里才11人。他们生产队本来有四个宅子,后来并成了一个宅子</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn22" name="_ednref22"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">以上所列,说明鄢岗为商城灾情最严重的地方大体名实相符。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">但我本来对在鄢岗,尤其是西李集一带找到&#8220;死绝村&#8221;抱有很大希望的,然而来商城十天过去了,却没有找到一个经得起质疑的&#8220;死绝村&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;一如在上石桥,这里的被访者也都说,没有听说一个村都死光、跑净的。这真是令人困惑:如果在鄢岗这样的地方都找不到一个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;,又能指望到哪里去找呢?</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">8月3日以后三四天里,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我一度对能否找到&#8220;死绝村&#8221;产生怀疑,进而对此行的价值感到悲观。</span><u></u></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><u><span style=" font-family:SimSun;color:blue;background:yellow;">&nbsp;</span></u></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">4<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日中午和</span>6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日晚上,先后打电话给此前来商城认识的朋友、当地史志工作者柯大全和杨琼。两人都告诉我,商城&#8220;死绝&#8221;的</span>453<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个村庄应该是自然村,不是行政村或生产队。商城的自然村不像北方平原那么大,三五户,甚至一户聚在一起就是一个村子,这样的村子商城叫&#8220;宅子&#8221;、&#8220;塆子&#8221;等。一个生产队往往包括几个宅子或塆子。这种说法</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">后来也为多个当事人,以及</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">《商城县志》有关记载证实</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn23" name="_ednref23"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxiii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">至此,我才恍然大悟。我来自黄淮平原的周口,由于从小形成的根深蒂固的观念,把生产队等同于村子,所以常提的问题是:附近是否有生产队全部饿死或跑光,因而村子荒废?而如果把&#8220;死绝村&#8221;理解为自然村,即本地人所谓的&#8220;宅子&#8221;,那么,当事人实际上已经提到几个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;了:如前文东下畈老葛家的宅子,就可以认定为一个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;;朱逢雨提到的下楼四个宅子,只剩下他们一户,那么他们宅子之外的另</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个宅子就是&#8220;死绝村&#8221;。进一步推想,假设一个生产队有几处宅子,因为人们往往是成户地居住在某个宅子,那么剩下</span>30<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人以下的生产队,如祈楼后双塘、炭木桥周后湾等,就有较大的可能存在着&#8220;死绝村&#8221;。可惜我不知商城这一特殊&#8220;县情&#8221;,没有进一步追问和实地调查,挖掘出这些&#8220;死绝村&#8221;的位置和更具体的情况。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">基于此,关于&#8220;死绝村&#8221;,我以后的提问变为:你们生产队有几个宅子?是否有宅子人死完或跑光,因而没有人了?这才在观念上与当地人接上头。于是,一个又一个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;纷纷从历史的烟尘深处浮现&#8230;&#8230;</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我找到的第一个确切可靠的&#8220;死绝村&#8221;,是位于鄢岗镇曹寨破楼村后的一片荒地。曾当过中学校长的朱时民说,这里有他们村</span>1959<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年荒废的三处宅子。第一个大宅子住有蔡大后、蔡大楼等弟兄四家以及祁大海等几家,大约有五六十人,除了蔡大后和祁大海两家搬走外,其他户大都饿死了。其中蔡大楼夫妇一共生了</span>25<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个孩子,</span>24<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个饿死了。黄传、黄钊兄弟住着第二个宅子,人死光了。第三个是朱邦忠家的宅子,他们家</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">口死完了。朱带着我走了一里多路,专程去看了这三个已灭绝的庄子,并拍了照(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">如图二</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">朱还说,他们附近的曹小洼也有三处宅子没有人了,每户五六个人不等</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn24" name="_ednref24"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxiv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2015/Jan/1102015f2.jpg" width="600" height="450" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">[<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">图二:朱时民先生现场指认当年灭绝的&#8220;蔡大后家的宅子&#8221;(后面坟冢处)</span>]</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">三、&#8220;死绝村&#8221;纷纷浮现</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>9<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日上午,我来到双椿铺镇。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">临近中午的时候,在街头采访双椿铺庙堂</span>80<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁的村民陈道本。陈说,他</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">们生产队原有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">170人,最后剩下二三十人。有六七户绝户。陈本人一大家子30多人,只剩下六七个人。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">陈还说:他们队死亡情况只能算第二,最严重的是栗树林。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">在陈的指点下,当天下午,我在栗树林找到了</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">78岁的王春发。王说,栗树林过粮食关以前的老门老户已经没有了,现在在这儿的,都是以后搬过来的。村子原来140多人,剩下8个人:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">队长严传江和他妻子。严老家是潢川江家集的,</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">61年又搬走了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">黄得富两口子,黄是队长严传江的妻弟。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">陈云秀是炊事员。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">会计陈英和她爹、妈。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">很明显,这</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">8人都是村里的&#8220;特权阶层&#8221;。王说,正是因为这些&#8220;特权阶层&#8221;的多吃多占,栗树林在上级拨了粮食,其他生产队开了伙之后,又第二次砍了大锅。栗树林那时有四五个宅子,基本上都空了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">1959年,现在双椿铺村所有的生产队,都属于镇西边的张畈大队。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">张畈潘井</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">130多人,剩下29人,村里绝户的有十三四户。叙述者潘传金一家8口,饿死5口。但潘说,潘井三个宅子里都还有人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn25" name="_ednref25"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">张畈下畈</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">120-130人,最后剩下23人,圆满的只有四户。其中后寨老张家的宅子,有3户,20多人,一口都没有了。他们的成份高一点</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn26" name="_ednref26"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">当时在张畈农业中学上学的白学人说,张畈三个大宅子没有一个人了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn27" name="_ednref27"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun">1959年秋,商城</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">粮食总产</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">1.45亿斤,县委却浮夸为3.5亿斤,实际征购7300万斤</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">。</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">11月中下旬,各公社食堂就纷纷开始砍大锅,农民濒于绝境,以王汉卿为首的商城县委不仅不思救灾,反而在省、地委指示下,大搞&#8220;反瞒产&#8221;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">。</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">26日,县委第一副书记张念仲集中了包括</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">副县长何善普、公安局长王志刚等在内的</span><span style="font-family:SimSun">104名干部[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn28" name="_ednref28"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;">[xxviii]</span></span></a>]</span>,组成工作队,到张畈、龙堂搞反瞒产。<span style="font-family:SimSun;">据统计,这两个大队原有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">1060户、4695人,从工作队入村到出村,先后死绝107户,死亡1071人,占总人数的23.7%,其中打死、逼死、扣饭饿死69人,致伤致残39人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn29" name="_ednref29"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。而在另一份统计中,张畈和龙堂</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">1959年9月分别有2419和2276人,到第二年4月,则有1425和1367人,分别减少994和909人,减少比例达41.1%和40%,其中被打死饿死837和849人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn30" name="_ednref30"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxx]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">张念仲等反瞒产的,也是我在双椿铺考察的另一个重点&#8212;&#8212;龙堂,也不出意外地找到了&#8220;死绝村&#8221;。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">77岁的刘世巨给我提供了两个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;的信息,并不顾年迈,带我去实地察看。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">一处是龙堂中队的枣林岗,当时住有</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">4户人家,15口人,9人死亡,余下的改嫁或搬走,现在成了一个荒山破岭</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn31" name="_ednref31"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">另一处,是刘的原住地闵楼下寨的韩洼宅子(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;">如图三</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">)。刘家搬走后,这个村子还有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">6户31人,死去20人,其他11人搬走了,整个庄子荒废了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn32" name="_ednref32"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:31.9pt;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2015/Jan/1102015f3.jpg" width="600" height="450" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">(图三:刘世巨先生在其旧居地韩洼宅子前留影)</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">在龙堂还找到两个&#8220;死绝村&#8221;:樊楼当时共有四个宅子,毁灭了两个:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">一个住着高登云家等</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">3户18口人,死13人,剩下的都走了,宅子废了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">另一个鲍家岗,住着张建新家等</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">3户,16口人,死12人,宅子也空了。现在这个宅子又住人了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn33" name="_ednref33"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxiii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:27.35pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">笔者找到的其他&#8220;死绝村&#8221;的情况:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗蔡楼油坊两处宅子毁灭:一处是熊国江家的,一处是刘群龙家的,各有两三户,十多个人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn34" name="_ednref34"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxiv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">双椿铺万楼王春海家的宅子,共有两户</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">8人,活下来1个媳妇1个女儿,都嫁走了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn35" name="_ednref35"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">万楼谢老营子</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn36" name="_ednref36"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">,当时有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">137人,砍大锅后剩下37人。四个宅子中,更楼子灭绝了。更楼子1949年前住的都是地主,建的有炮楼和土坯墙,共住有4户。过罢粮食关后,剩下1个女人和4个小孩,走的走,嫁的嫁,宅子空了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn37" name="_ednref37"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">双椿铺三教洞后湾,原有</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">280多人,剩下70多人。本有6个宅子,3个没有人了:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">第一个,吴毓春、吴毓财弟兄的宅子,</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">12口人,都饿死了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">第二个,吴毓荣、吴毓富弟兄的宅子,</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">9口人,没有人了。吴毓荣是生产队长,他和副队长、民兵排长三个人饿的杀牛犊,他被大队干部打死了,副队长和民兵排长被拉去劳改,最后也死了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">第三个宅子,黄力勋家,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">3个人,死完了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn38" name="_ednref38"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗砂岗枣林岗,本有</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">66人,剩下22人。15户中6户灭绝。村中胡新焕家的宅子没人了。这个宅子有三户人家,14口人,剩下4个人,最后人去宅空。现在住的是1971年修鲇鱼山水库时安置的移民</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn39" name="_ednref39"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗蔡楼蔡家楼,原有六七户二三十口,剩下两户</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">5人,最后人去村空。蔡家楼另一个宅子徐桥(音),最后还有葛长生等3个人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn40" name="_ednref40"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xl]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">观庙柳大塆徐老塆,本来有六七户</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">40多人,只剩下叙述者柳士民家3口和老朱家3口。柳士民说,邻近的楼房塆死人比徐老塆还要严重</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn41" name="_ednref41"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xli]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">观庙梅楼楼板冲,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">1958年小塆并大塆后有7户39人,其中4户绝户,死35走1人,剩下叙述者柳学魁等3人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn42" name="_ednref42"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">观庙王寨村旧王寨,有炮楼、寨墙和水围子。</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">1958年前有7户,成分均为地主,约50余人。1959年除逃走3人外,余者皆饿死。此后再没有住人,成为一片荒地</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn43" name="_ednref43"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xliii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">余集公社大柳树黄老塆,这个塆子地主多,都是瓦屋。人死很多,活着的人跑了,最后成了余集公社的打米场。现在淹在鲇鱼山水库下了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn44" name="_ednref44"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xliv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">总的来说,在</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">20余天的采访中,可以确定为&#8220;死绝村&#8221;的有如下村子:鄢岗镇:曹寨破楼蔡大后家的宅子、黄传兄弟家的宅子、</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">朱邦忠家的宅子,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">蔡楼油坊熊国江家的和刘群龙家的宅子,砂岗枣林岗胡新焕家的宅子</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">双椿铺镇:张畈栗树林的四五处宅子,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">下畈后寨老张家的宅子,龙堂的枣林岗,樊楼高登云等家的宅子、鲍家岗,闵楼下寨的韩洼宅子,万楼谢老营子的更楼子。观庙镇:柳大塆徐老塆,梅楼楼板冲,王寨大队旧王寨。这</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">19(或20)处&#8220;死绝村&#8221;笔者都曾亲自实地踏勘,并拍有照片,证据确凿,资料也比较翔实,且大多有旁证。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">另有</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">16处&#8220;死绝村&#8221;主要根据当事人叙述,未能实地查证,详情可参阅本处注释</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn45" name="_ednref45"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">研究上述一些证据确凿、资料翔实的&#8220;死绝村&#8221;,我们可以推断,死亡率在</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">70%以上,或者剩余人口在30以下的生产队有比较大的可能存在着&#8220;死绝村&#8221;。而且根据常识,这样的村子青壮年劳力普遍匮乏,基本丧失了生产和繁衍人口等功能,我们可以把这样的生产队称为&#8220;疑似死绝村&#8221;或&#8220;准死绝村&#8221;。那么,上文详细列举到的那些村庄,基本上都可以归于此类。此类村子共有26处</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn46" name="_ednref46"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">四、人相食:死人肉;活人肉</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在采访过程中,给我造成神经冲击的,不仅是上文那些怵目惊心的数字,还有受访者们说的一些令人毛骨悚然的故事。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">曾做过县委通讯员的陈德鸿,有一次用自行车带着县委副书记张昆山去西李集,调查那儿的死人问题。他们看到,在路边都有死人,不远一个不远一个,他们从死人身上过去。经过一个乱岗子时,还看到埋的人被扒出来,肉被割去了。还逮着一个吃人肉的,要批斗。但人们饿得东倒西歪,批斗也不了了之</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn47" name="_ednref47"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">&#8220;双椿铺某大队丢了一头牛,实际上是给老百姓吃了。队长带人去找,找到一家人那里,一个老奶奶正在煮肉。队长问你哪来的肉?老奶奶说,我吃的不是牛肉,我孙女死了,煮着吃。又找一家子,一个男的,年轻人,也在煮肉。队长又问,你的肉哪来的?那人说,我把我女人的屁股割了,煮着吃&#8230;&#8230;大队就报了案,说是破坏尸体,后来法院公审这两个人,判刑。还把我们这些五类分子叫去,去接受教育&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn48" name="_ednref48"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗徐寨黄楼的张明信十三岁的孩子死了,他架着干柴,烧他小孩的肉吃。最后他们家绝户了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn49" name="_ednref49"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">鄢岗冯寨大队的退伍军人付得民死去,其妻吃了他屁股上的肉。女儿死后,这女人又吃了女儿的肉。被发现后,被批斗</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn50" name="_ednref50"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[l]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">饥饿还使一些人蜕变为野兽,吃起了活人肉。上石桥街头上的郭兴国,出门的时候,失踪了,据说被人吃了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn51" name="_ednref51"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[li]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">。曾被打过右派,下放到上石桥公社的鲍正英说,上石桥大队的一个算命瞎子,因为吃的胖,在上石桥东岗被人杀吃了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn52" name="_ednref52"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">。这个算命瞎子不知和郭兴国是否同一个人。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">雷前修家住新楼,在余集工作。他听说全家死了,就回来看。天黑走路的时候,被人杀死,肉被割去。朱邦</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">当时</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">10</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">来岁,家里人都饿死了,他也快死了。他听说,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">也去割了肉吃,最后保了命。此人现在还健在</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn53" name="_ednref53"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[liii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">双椿铺喻家子(老喻家?)的胡名新,木匠,他去古城找表哥,半夜里被几个表嫂和一个表侄杀死,做成了腌肉。第二天,队长找他们家做活,发现他们家有肉,就上报了,说他们杀牛。去搜,看见了手巴掌,才知道是人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn54" name="_ednref54"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[liv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">商城退休教师汪流凯有一个表弟,姓黄,当时十三四岁。因为在家没有吃的,他去在外的哥哥那里。哥哥等了两天没有见他,去找。在上石桥西边的灌河河滩上发现他的尸体。他被人杀了,屁股、大腿上的肉被人割走了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn55" name="_ednref55"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗镇一位不愿具名的女镇民说,他父亲曾在公社当会计,有一次下班,天快黑了,他经过甄油坊,看见一个人关着门杀自己的孩子吃。他去报告,把这人抓起来了&#8230;&#8230;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn56" name="_ednref56"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lvi]</span></span></a>]</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">商城二中的胡达文等人曾到家在三里坪葛窑村的同学冯宜甫家中,冯的父亲刚饿死,冯的母亲告诉他们,屋后山上一个女人把自己的儿子杀了,放在缸里慢慢吃。并说,他们那里,天黑了没人敢走路;两人行路,没人敢走在前面,因为后面的人随时都可能把前面的人杀了充饥</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn57" name="_ednref57"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">!</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">五、&#8220;死绝村&#8221;背后的人祸</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">对于大饥荒,刘少奇的结论是:&#8220;三分天灾,七分人祸&#8221;。这一结论对于&#8220;死绝村&#8221;也适用。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">首先,从总体上来说,导致大饥荒发生的,是普遍性的公共食堂、浮夸风、高征购、反瞒产、封锁消息,以及对</span>1948<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年《联合国人权宣言》和</span>1954<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年宪法中规定的公民普遍人权的野蛮践踏。这些都是&#8220;人祸&#8221;。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">其次,就笔者本次调查的四个乡镇而言,&#8220;死绝村&#8221;、&#8220;准死绝村&#8221;在鄢岗和双椿铺较多,而以双椿铺最多。在双椿铺,又以龙堂,尤其是张畈为最。究其原因,乃是因为张畈、龙堂是商城县委的反瞒产重点。张念仲和何善普分别负责张畈和龙堂的反瞒产</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn58" name="_ednref58"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。张畈大队</span>24<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个生产队,每个生产队驻4个县直干部</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn59" name="_ednref59"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。龙堂樊楼也驻有</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn60" name="_ednref60"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lx]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。&#8220;</span>108<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">将&#8221;实际上是以&#8220;督战队&#8221;的身份,在各队搞反瞒产。据后来官方材料披露,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; background: white;">104名干部中,有93名捆、绑、吊、打过干部和群众,有41人致人死命,共打伤3人,打死和逼死7人</span><span style="background: white;">[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn61" name="_ednref61"><span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif; color: black; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[lxi]</span></span></a>]</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。干部&#8220;特殊化风&#8221;虽在这时很普遍,商城也有&#8220;三天一大两,饿不死司务长;三天一大钱,饿不死炊事员&#8221;的说法,但在&#8220;督战队&#8221;的严密监视下,一些不善于转圜的村干部也像普通社员一样深受其害。张畈副支书余传道、潘井副队长潘传发</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn62" name="_ednref62"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">、龙堂生产队长芦百成</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn63" name="_ednref63"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxiii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">、分别被&#8220;炒盐豆子&#8221;打伤致死;张畈下畈的陈忠堂</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn64" name="_ednref64"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxiv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">、陈寨大队小队长谢安礼饿死。更多的村干部被&#8220;炒盐豆子&#8221;、&#8220;打硪&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn65" name="_ednref65"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。村干部们在此强大的压力下更加卖力地反瞒产,他们白天开会,批斗人,研究&#8220;敌情&#8221;,即谁家藏的有粮食,夜晚就如狼似虎地去搜,直到把社员家里藏的一点粮食搜光刮净。因而,在整个商城县中,张畈、龙堂的反瞒产进行的最彻底最残酷,&#8220;死绝村&#8221;也最多。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">鄢岗虽然没有县里&#8220;督战队&#8221;的监视,但却借鉴了中国传统的官吏&#8220;避籍&#8221;的经验,</span>1958<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年&#8220;刮五风&#8221;时即开始实行&#8220;干部对调&#8221;。如徐寨的朱邦涛调到冯寨,土埂的彭卓仁、周寨的刘光富调到徐寨,土埂的叶孝友调到西李集,分别当支书;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">土埂的正副支书熊德金、周广林则分别来自徐寨和周寨</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn66" name="_ednref66"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。正是由于离开了本村,没有了乡情的羁绊,加上来自上面的苛酷高压,鄢岗乡村干部实行&#8220;高征购&#8221;、&#8220;反瞒产&#8221;才会&#8220;雷厉风行&#8221;。故鄢岗的灾情要比没有这种土政策的上石桥、观庙两地更严重,&#8220;死绝村&#8221;也更多。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">鄢岗曹寨破楼的队干部和几个成份好的杀了一头猪,诬称地主朱邦镇(</span>22<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)干的,将其送到教养院劳教</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">天</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn67" name="_ednref67"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">;龙堂胡窝的干部们偷吃了麦种,却栽赃到地主杨允植身上,将其吊在梁上拷打&#8220;审问&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn68" name="_ednref68"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。张念仲等在双椿铺&#8220;私设&#8221;的劳教场中,被劳教人员</span>83<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人中只有</span>25<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人是&#8220;基本群众&#8221;,五类分子仅仅因为其身份,和&#8220;杀牛犯&#8221;、&#8220;小偷小摸&#8221;等一样被劳教。这</span>83<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人后来有</span>54<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人死亡。</span>1959<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>12<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,上级已拨粮食了,张念仲却规定&#8220;四不准吃&#8221;,针对的仍是五类分子、&#8220;杀牛犯&#8221;等人群</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn69" name="_ednref69"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。这些事例可以说明当时&#8220;阶级路线&#8221;多么深入各级党官的内心。这大致可以解释为什么张畈下畈老张家的宅子、万楼谢老营子的更楼子、观庙旧王寨、大柳树黄老塆这些地富居住的宅子在所在村&#8220;脱颖而出&#8221;,而成为&#8220;灭绝村&#8221;。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在采访中,笔者多次听到干部们草菅人命的事。如鄢岗肖寨肖油坊的肖百仁二叔</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">口人,被队干部打死</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">口:</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">堂哥(</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">16岁)因为拔萝卜缨子吃,堂妹(12岁)因为偷生产队种的菜吃,先后被毒打致死;二叔不知何故被扒光衣服吊在梁上打,最后尸体也没见。还有一个姓王的,因为偷麦吃,被队长逼着自己把手剁掉</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn70" name="_ednref70"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxx]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。观庙南洼大榨屋文小塆一位妇女,被队干部余</span><span style=" font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;&#215;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">、</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">张</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;&#215;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">,一个倒煤油,一个划火柴点火,活活烧死</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn71" name="_ednref71"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。观庙梅楼楼板冲</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">12岁的少年柳学魁,一次拾到80钢洋,被人举报,其做中队长的父亲一天夜里在自己家里被干部和积极分子&#8220;炒盐豆子&#8221;活活&#8220;炒&#8221;死</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn72" name="_ednref72"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">在采访中,笔者发现,&#8220;搞银元&#8221;,和高征购、反瞒产一样,为干部们摧残群众提供了&#8220;契机&#8221;。&#8220;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">58年夏,乡下人家的铁器、铜器都被拿走了。最后逼啊,谁家有银洋,逼着交银洋,夜晚吊起来打&#8221;</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn73" name="_ednref73"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxiii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。鄢岗西李集的木匠汪春先,因为不给银元,被&#8220;打硪&#8221;摔残胳膊。那天摔的人比较多,摔一个就&#8220;码&#8221;(堆)起来,&#8220;码&#8221;了一个小垛</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn74" name="_ednref74"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxiv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。双椿铺一位周老汉说,因为要银元,其父被支书汪清指挥一帮人又推又摔,还被罚跪瓷瓦片,临死的时候全身是血;另一位路过的老太太说,她父亲也因为&#8220;搞银元&#8221;被抬起来摔死(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">即&#8220;打硪&#8221;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">)</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn75" name="_ednref75"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxv]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">1961年,一份商城官方文件曾列出45个案例,讲述&#8220;阶级敌人&#8221;(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">实际是乡村干部</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">)是如何用骇人听闻的酷刑残害群众的,如锄头砸大脑、剁手指头、铁丝串耳朵、脸上刻字、缝嘴、铁丝烙肛门、松枝扎阴道、浇煤油烧、火烧婴儿、活埋等。而整个信阳地区打死、逼死</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">8万人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn76" name="_ednref76"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxvi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。根据另一份资料,信阳全地区被打致死群众达</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">6.7万余人,被打致残3.4万余人</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn77" name="_ednref77"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxvii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">六、暗夜中的几点人性萤光</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">在鄢岗西李集,颜伟珍老人说,祈楼一个生产队,队长、会计带领群众偷偷把粮食藏到地里。他们生产队没有饿死一个人,只有一个人病死了</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn78" name="_ednref78"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxviii]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">我问:&#8220;是哪个生产队?&#8221;</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">老人答:&#8220;不知道是哪个生产队。&#8221;</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">乍一听,我有些激动:在听了那么多干部多吃多占或鱼肉百姓的故事后,竟然听到有这样&#8220;另类&#8221;的干部!我决定抽出时间,专门去祈楼核实这件事。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,来到祈楼,从受访者们口中知道,这个生产队叫汪洼,领头的是大队民兵营长杨世湘,还有队长胡长根、副队长汪文先等。杨世湘家过粮食关时住在汪洼。一次开会后,他回去对胡长根等人说,今年有可能饿死人,我们要藏点粮食,不能饿死人。他们分给</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">每家一小缸米,全生产队</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">27户,弄了27个缸,并排深埋在一块田的坎子里,夜里大家去偷吃。规定谁也不能偷别人的,不能烧干饭吃,只能兑野菜喝稀粥。还在草垛里藏了一些粮食,以致开了大伙后,汪洼还能接济邻近的敖寨一些粮食</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn79" name="_ednref79"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxix]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">由于当事的老人基本上都已故去,受访者们也说不清楚在那饥殍遍野、酷吏催逼的恶劣环境下,杨世湘们为何如此&#8220;胆大妄为&#8221;,他们是如何应付上级的&#8220;反瞒产&#8221;压力,村民们又是如何和衷共济,度过那&#8220;砍大锅&#8221;的一个月的。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">观庙镇油坊杨小塆,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">1959年时归桃园大队,住有杨有寿等四户。队长杨有寿准备充分,事先带领全村人腌了大白菜,加上吃一些野菜、红薯藤,全村没有一个人饿死</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn80" name="_ednref80"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxx]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">潢川县张集镇樊岗的王指金等村干部,带领群众把粮食藏在稻草里,全村没有一个人饿死。后来有人告密,王指金被迫逃亡</span>[<a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_edn81" name="_ednref81"><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxxi]</span></span></a>]<span style="font-family:SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">杨世湘、杨有寿、王指金们超脱了狭隘、落后的组织性,以大勇和大智拯救乡亲,在那些漆黑的日子里发出了仅有的几点人性萤光。他们的名字值得后人永远记住。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun;">七、大饥荒口述史的最后十年</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:36.6pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;">近年来,一些人出于这种那种考虑,极力缩小、甚至否认那场大饥荒,有教授&#8220;研究&#8221;出&#8220;重大谣言&#8221;论,最近更有人提出所谓&#8220;探索性质的错误&#8221;怪论。实际上,大饥荒是客观存在的历史,现在还有不少当事人尚未谢世,还可以找他们去求证。这其实并不需要多少高深的学问和智慧,需要的是敬畏生命、直面历史的良知。只要深入那些发生饥荒的乡村,当年那些残酷的事实就会扑面充耳而来。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这里暂切不提以史为鉴的老话,从以人为本的角度而言,我们也应该尽量记下当年先辈们的那些苦难,尽量搜集每一个死难者的名字&#8212;&#8212;他们是如你、我一样有感情和人格尊严的人,不是虫子,不是供某些&#8220;伟大人物&#8221;进行某种&#8220;伟大实验&#8221;的小白鼠。与日本靖国神社</span>246.6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">万余有名有姓的供奉对象(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">尽管大多是不耻于人类的战犯和军国主义炮灰</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)相比,我们&#8220;历史的羞处&#8221;(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">大饥荒、文革等</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)始终是一笔糊涂账,甚至连基本史实也搞不清楚,遑论记下每一位死难者的名字!每一个有良知的国人都应该为此感到羞耻。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">真正的信史不仅需要宏观的历史脉络和数据,也同样需要大量真实、丰富、具体的细节;文献、数据重要,故事、案例同样重要。口述研究,对于大饥荒研究的深化、细化和实证化,意义重大。我们每挖掘一个真实的案例,就结结实实地给谎言钉上了一枚棺钉。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">研究历史,不外乎两种素材,一是历史文献,二是&#8220;活的档案&#8221;,即亲历者的叙述。在目前档案受控制的情况下,后者的挖掘更显得弥足珍贵。尤其关键的是,前者只要不被蓄意销毁,总有得见天日的一天,而&#8220;活的档案&#8221;则有&#8220;期限&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;人的寿命限制。这一段历史的亲历者们正在日益加速凋零&#8212;&#8212;</span>1959<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,一个人</span>15<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁(</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">一般而言,这是&#8220;有价值的口述&#8221;者年龄的最下限</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">),现在已经</span>70<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">了。历史留给我们的时间已经不多,凡有志于此研究的同仁们应该抓紧时间。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun">李素立,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun">1970年生,现为河南教育学院教师,河南当代史的民间研究者。</span></em></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p style="text-indent:30.85pt;"><em><br /></em></p> <p style="text-indent:27.0pt;"><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;"><em>注释:</em></span></p> <p style="text-indent:31.9pt;"><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><div> <div id="ftn1"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[1]</span></span></a> 1922<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,中共早期领导人瞿秋白旅苏归来后出版《饿乡纪程》。本文所谓&#8220;死绝村&#8221;,只是沿用官方文件的说法,实际是指因人口死亡或外流,而导致&#8220;毁灭&#8221;的村子。</span></em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p></div></div><div> <div id="edn1"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref1" name="_edn1" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[i]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">中共信阳地委:《关于路宪文在&#8220;信阳事件&#8221;中所犯罪恶的处分决定(草稿)》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1962</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">http://210.43.24.225/Html/?4106.html</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn2"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref2" name="_edn2" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[ii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">丁抒:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">《惨绝人寰的&#8220;信阳事件&#8221;》,《开放》</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">2001年三月号</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn3"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref3" name="_edn3" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[iii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">中共商城县委:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">《</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">关于蜕化变质分子张念仲罪恶事实的综合报告</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">1961年3月30日,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><a href="http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?5605.html">http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?5605.html</a>。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn4"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref4" name="_edn4" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[iv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">前三个当时属于上石桥公社,后一个属于钟铺公社。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn5"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref5" name="_edn5" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[v]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">叶孝友,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">91</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">采访于鄢岗镇土埂村黄岗。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn6"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref6" name="_edn6" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[vi]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">具体行程为:上石桥,</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>30<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">-</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日;鄢岗,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>2<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">-</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日;双椿铺,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>9<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">-</span>15<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日中午;观庙,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>15<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">下午-</span>18<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">;商城县城,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>19<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">-</span>21<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日中午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn7"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref7" name="_edn7" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[vii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">王前义,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">78</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁;季选芳</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">74</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁。采访于</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">杨寨村王门楼,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">7,31下午。因许多受访者不识字,故一些人名或地名为谐音。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">文中两三个串联在一起的地名,最末一个为生产队或村民组名,前此一个为大队或行政村名。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn8"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref8" name="_edn8" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[viii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">霍永田李家英夫妇,均</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">90岁;李沉有,81岁。采访于河凤桥乡新桥村霍围子,8,1下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn9"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref9" name="_edn9" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[ix]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈庆喜,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">83</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun">2013,8,11下午采访于商城县城,另参见陈庆喜笔记本及其回忆录:《七旬回首话往事》,2006年自印本。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn10"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref10" name="_edn10" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[x]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">闰从珍,</span>75<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁;王胜铎,</span>71<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁;李太生,</span>82<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁。采访于</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗徐寨村闰桥街头,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,2下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn11"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref11" name="_edn11" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">余启凤,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">81岁,当时在赵楼当生产队长;余的老伴李庆芳,80岁。采访于鄢岗西李集村朱小店街头,8,3上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn12"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref12" name="_edn12" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">陈大金,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">84岁,1956年起担任生产队长;刘光寿,78岁。采访于西李集村陈破宅村头,8,3下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn13"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref13" name="_edn13" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xiii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">朱邦贤,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">82岁;朱的堂弟,约70余岁,姓名及年龄均不详。鄢岗镇街头,8,6下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn14"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref14" name="_edn14" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xiv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">何玲珑,女,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">73岁;曹先秀,女,69岁;第三位老太太,姓名与年龄均不详。8月6日下午,鄢岗刘双楼村合昌房村民组。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn15"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref15" name="_edn15" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">敖正士,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">76岁,鄢岗镇街头,8,3上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn16"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref16" name="_edn16" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xvi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">鲇鱼山</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">当时属于余集公社。周</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;&#215;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">,不愿透露姓名,女,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">74岁。周后塆是其娘家。采访于鄢岗镇街头,8,3上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn17"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref17" name="_edn17" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xvii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">黄茂林,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">74岁,西李集街头,8,3下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn18"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref18" name="_edn18" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xviii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">梅锡兆,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">81岁,时任西李集大队团支书。采访于西李集李老营村民组,8,3下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn19"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref19" name="_edn19" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xix]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">张国英,女,</span></em><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;"><em>81岁,上岗是其娘家所在村。采访于鄢岗镇街头,8,3晚。</em></span></p> </div> <div id="edn20"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref20" name="_edn20" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xx]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">鄢瑞荣,女,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">72岁,东下畈是其娘家所在村。采访于鄢岗镇街头,8,3晚。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn21"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref21" name="_edn21" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">侯福友,</span>70<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,采访于刘双楼</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">柳林岗村中,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,6下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn22"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref22" name="_edn22" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">朱逢雨,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">89岁,当时是徐寨大队的仓库保管。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">采访于徐寨村下楼,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family: SimSun;">8,7下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn23"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref23" name="_edn23" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxiii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">如阮心龙。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">《商城县志》</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family: SimSun;">P512记载:县南山区,峡谷幽深,步履维艰,自然形成小村庄为多,其中一部分为单户村落,几户、几十户的较大村庄较少。丘陵垄岗区,一般数户至10余户较多。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn24"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref24" name="_edn24" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxiv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">即高德旺家、韩三家、朱邦贵家三处宅子。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">朱时民,</span>68<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">采访于本村,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn25"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref25" name="_edn25" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">潘传金,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">85岁,当时任张畈大队潘井生产队长。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">采访于</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn26"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref26" name="_edn26" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxvi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">陈道云,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">71岁。陈为下畈村民,采访于鄢岗陈寨村陈寨居民组,8,15上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn27"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref27" name="_edn27" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxvii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">白学人,</span>69<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,采访于</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上石桥镇街头,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">2013</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">19</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn28"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref28" name="_edn28" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxviii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">当地人称之为&#8220;</span>108<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">将&#8221;。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn29"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref29" name="_edn29" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxix]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">中共商城县委:《</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">关于蜕化变质分子张念仲罪恶事实的综合报告</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">1961年3月31日,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><a href="http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?5605.html">http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?5605.html</a>。原文两个大队总人口为4596人,疑误,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">根据下文两大队人数,改为现数字。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn30"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref30" name="_edn30" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxx]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun">中共商城县委:《关于商城县委所犯错误的主要经过和后果》,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:SimSun">1960年11月4日,http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?4465.html。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn31"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref31" name="_edn31" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">刘世巨与龙堂村的刘福先医生(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">67岁)共同回忆讲述。龙堂村刘福先诊所,8,13上午。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这处荒地现属于松林村民组。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn32"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref32" name="_edn32" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">龙堂村刘福先诊所,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,13上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn33"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref33" name="_edn33" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxiii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">阮心龙,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">85岁,1959年时任樊楼等几个生产队组成的生产中队中队长,采访于樊楼村其家,8,13中午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn34"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref34" name="_edn34" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxiv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">彭邦友,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">71岁;彭邦田,69岁,8,13下午采访于本村。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn35"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref35" name="_edn35" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">万学明,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">73岁,采访于本村,8,10下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn36"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref36" name="_edn36" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxvi]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">谢老营</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">现属于梅山村。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn37"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref37" name="_edn37" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxvii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">另一说,谢老营原有</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">150-160人,剩下20-30人。谢安贵,82岁,谢仁涛,46岁;谢台山,68岁。采访于本村,8,11上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn38"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref38" name="_edn38" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxviii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">雷显平,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">73岁,8,14下午于砂岗村黄染坊村头。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn39"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref39" name="_edn39" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xxxix]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">程道发,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">70岁,8,14下午于本村。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn40"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref40" name="_edn40" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xl]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">严某某,年龄不详,双椿铺街头,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,12上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn41"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref41" name="_edn41" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xli]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">柳士民,</span>71<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,16下午采访于徐老塆。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn42"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref42" name="_edn42" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">柳学魁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">67岁,8,16下午采访于楼板冲。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn43"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref43" name="_edn43" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xliii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">废墟</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">在今范塆北</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">500米处。关于旧王寨人口的另一说法,原有30余人,幸存5人。李呈杰,女,85岁,2014年元月8日上午采访于商城县城关敬老院。赵师贵,75岁,8,17上午周开彦先生协助采访于观庙镇。汪性江,75岁,8,17下午采访于王寨村范塆野外。张礼财,88岁,陈登桂,女,75岁,8,17下午采访于王寨村蔡塆。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn44"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref44" name="_edn44" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xliv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">刘</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;&#215;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">65岁,退休干部,采访于商城县城,8,20下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn45"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref45" name="_edn45" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">16</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">处宅子是:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗镇:徐寨大队黄楼闰天民家的宅子、祈楼大队后双塘、鄢岗大队东下畈老葛家的宅子、徐寨大队下楼的三处宅子、曹寨大队</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">曹小洼高德旺家的宅子、韩三家的宅子、朱邦贵家的宅子</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">、蔡楼大队蔡家楼、徐桥</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family: SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。双椿铺镇:</span></em><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;"><em>万楼大队王春海家的宅子、三教洞大队后塆吴毓春吴毓财兄弟的宅子、吴毓荣吴毓富兄弟的宅子、黄力勋家的宅子。鲇鱼山乡:大柳树大队黄老塆。</em></span></p> </div> <div id="edn46"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref46" name="_edn46" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlvi]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这些&#8220;准死绝村&#8221;或&#8220;疑似死绝村&#8221;是:上石桥镇:</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">杨寨大队王门楼;新桥大队霍围子(现属于河凤桥乡)。另外还有:堆塘大队长山头(</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">200多人剩下三四十人,刘永礼,72岁,8,1上午);英岗(音)(200人剩下不到30人,卢允真,70岁,8,2下午采访于西李集集上)。</span></em></p> <p><em><span style=" font-family:SimSun">鄢岗镇:高台大队下郭楼;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">徐寨大队黄楼,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">工(音)寨,上岗;西李集大队朱小店,陈破宅,李老营,任楼;祈楼大队敖楼;刘双楼大队合昌房,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">柳林岗</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">。另外还有:刘双楼大队北山(蔡大元,</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">74岁,8,8下午。8月5日临近中午,在鄢岗镇赶集的另一位81岁的蔡老汉告诉我,因为要抢救他这个劳力,生产队长和会计亲自抬着他一次去上石桥,一次去双椿铺住院,由此可见这个村子青壮年劳力损失之严重)。砂岗大队南寨(100多人剩下一二十人,&#8220;基本上报废了&#8221;。唐道祥,74岁,8,13下午)。</span></em></p> <p><em><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">双椿铺镇:张畈大队潘井、庙堂(现属于双椿铺村)、下畈。另外还有:梅山大队高庙(</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">180人,最后剩下42人。严辉远,70岁,8,10下午);张畈大队余老营(现属于双椿铺村)(128人剩下32人。赵一龙,81岁,8,12上午)。</span></em></p> <p><em><span style=" font-family:SimSun;">观庙镇:朱楼大队朱楼(</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">80多人剩下15人,黄道银,80岁,经笔者汇总计算,8,17下午);板庙大队刘小湾(70多口人剩下一二十口人。陈乃明,73岁,8,18中午);张塆大队张塆(一二百人,剩下不到十人。段衡真,女,77岁,8,18下午)。</span></em></p> <p><span style=" font-family:SimSun;"><em>鲇鱼山乡:炭木桥大队周后湾(当时属余集公社)。</em></span></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> </div> <div id="edn47"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref47" name="_edn47" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlvii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈德鸿,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">79</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2013</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">18</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">下午,上石桥杨寨村邵夹道居民组其家中。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn48"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref48" name="_edn48" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlviii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">杨继,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">80岁,上石桥退休教师,1957年在新乡师范学院物理系被划为右派。7,30下午采访于上石桥镇。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn49"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref49" name="_edn49" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[xlix]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">闰从珍、王胜铎。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn50"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref50" name="_edn50" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[l]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">黄茂林,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">73岁;石国英,女,67岁,8,3下午采访于鄢岗镇街头。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn51"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref51" name="_edn51" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[li]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">白学人,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">69</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">岁;沈昌国,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">74</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">岁;李中成,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">66</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">2013</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">19</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">日上午采访于上石桥镇。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn52"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref52" name="_edn52" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">鲍正英,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">84</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">岁,商城城关敬老院,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">2014</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">,元,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn53"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref53" name="_edn53" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[liii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">朱逢银,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">84岁,8,5下午于鄢岗镇。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn54"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref54" name="_edn54" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[liv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">谢台得,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">60多岁,8,10采访于双椿铺梅山村谢老营。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn55"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref55" name="_edn55" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">汪流凯,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">71岁,商城县城,8,19晚。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn56"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref56" name="_edn56" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lvi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">鄢岗镇街头,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,2晚。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn57"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref57" name="_edn57" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lvii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">胡达文:《往事历历涌心头》,文见《岁月如歌忆华年&#8212;&#8212;商城二中首届同学回忆录》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2009</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年印,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">P93</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn58"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref58" name="_edn58" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lviii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">何善普:《自我检查》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1962</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,元,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?4496.html</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn59"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref59" name="_edn59" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lix]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">王春发;潘传金;艾有周。艾有周,</span>90<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>10<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上午于双椿铺艾寨。</span>1958</em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;"><em>年任铁路(上石桥)公社副</em>社长,</span>1959<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年下放蔡店大队做支书。笔者采访他时,已卧病在床,显属风烛残年。</span></p> </div> <div id="edn60"> <p><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref60" name="_edn60" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lx]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">阮兴龙,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>13<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">中午。</span></p> </div> <div id="edn61"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref61" name="_edn61" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun">中共商城县委:《关于商城县委所犯错误的主要经过和后果》;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">中共商城县委:《</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">关于蜕化变质分子张念仲罪恶事实的综合报告</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">》。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn62"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref62" name="_edn62" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">受访者潘传金堂兄。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn63"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref63" name="_edn63" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxiii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">受访者刘世巨的妻堂兄。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn64"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref64" name="_edn64" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxiv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">受访者陈道云的&#8220;老爹&#8221;,即最小的叔叔。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn65"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref65" name="_edn65" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxv]</span>]</span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">商城方言,即打夯。是商城一种比&#8220;炒盐豆子&#8221;更凶残的酷刑,由四个人分别抓着被害人的四肢往下摔,被害者往往不死即残。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn66"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref66" name="_edn66" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxvi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">叶孝友;朱逢雨;闰道禄,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">83</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1957</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年后曾任徐寨民兵营长、公安主任、支书等职,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">下午采访于鄢岗镇街头。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn67"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref67" name="_edn67" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxvii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">叙述人朱磊为朱邦镇侄子,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">晚采访于鄢岗镇街头。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn68"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref68" name="_edn68" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxviii]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">杨允植,</span>82<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,</span>12<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上午采访于龙堂村胡窝。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn69"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref69" name="_edn69" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxix]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;四不准吃&#8221;是:(</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)富裕农民和有瞒产私分的人不准吃;(</span>2<span style="font-family: SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)懒汉二流子不准吃;(</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)地、富、反、坏、右不准吃;(</span>4<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)杀耕牛、杀羊者不准吃。见</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">中共商城县委:《</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">关于蜕化变质分子张念仲罪恶事实的综合报告</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">》;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun">中共商城县委:《关于商城县委所犯错误的主要经过和后果》。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn70"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref70" name="_edn70" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxx]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">肖为笔者在上石桥镇住宿的房东,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">8,1早上采访于上石桥其家中。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn71"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref71" name="_edn71" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">周开彦,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">75岁,观庙镇退休干部,8,16下午于观庙镇。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn72"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref72" name="_edn72" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">柳学魁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">67岁,8,16下午采访于楼板冲</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn73"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref73" name="_edn73" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxiii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">刘</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif">&#215;&#215;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">65岁,退休干部,采访于商城县城,8,20下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn74"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref74" name="_edn74" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxiv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">辛天英,女,汪的老伴,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">90</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8,3上午采访于西李集街头。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn75"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref75" name="_edn75" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxv]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">周老汉,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">77岁,双椿铺官庄村官庄人,8,9上午采访于双椿铺街头其家中。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn76"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref76" name="_edn76" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxvi]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">中共商城县委整风办公室:《敌人残害人民的主要刑罚、手段汇集》,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">1961,元,15,http://znzg.xynu.edu.cn/Html/?6917.html。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn77"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref77" name="_edn77" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxvii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">中共信阳地委:《关于路宪文在&#8220;信阳事件&#8221;中所犯罪恶的处分决定(草稿)》)。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn78"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref78" name="_edn78" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxviii]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">颜伟珍,女,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">85</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">采访于8,4上午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn79"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref79" name="_edn79" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxix]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">敖国江,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">73岁,祈楼村卫生所,8,6上午;汪洼村民胡中金、周世秀等,其中周为胡长根儿媳,年龄不详,8,6上午汪洼村外;杨彦新,64岁,杨世湘之子,鄢岗镇其家中,8,6下午。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn80"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref80" name="_edn80" ></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt">[<span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxx]</span>]</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;">杨祖礼,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">75岁,杨有寿之子,雷店村街头;汪润秀,女,65岁,库塆村外;丁宏让,72岁,库塆村外,均采访于8,18上午。杨小塆为库塆村民组下的一个村子。</span></em></p> </div> <div id="edn81"> <p><em><a href="file:///C:/Users/kuidechen/Downloads/%E9%A5%BF%E4%B9%A1%E7%BA%AA%E7%A8%8B.doc#_ednref81" name="_edn81" ></a>[<span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">[lxxxi]</span>]</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">王指金之女王瑞菊,</span>48<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;">8月11日上午于双椿铺下楼。</span></em></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(本文曾部分發表於&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.0399990081787px; background-color: #ffffff;">《</span><wbr style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; line-height: 19.0399990081787px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.0399990081787px; background-color: #ffffff;">炎黄春秋》上发表,以上是首次發表的原稿全文)</span></div><div>&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>