<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><h2><br /></h2></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">一位不敬礼的人，直到最后都不抛弃妻子而死，<wbr>但是他却赢得了世界人民的尊重！</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">这是一张老照片，也是我所见过最令人尊敬的傲慢之态。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><img width="auto" src="https://ci3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/oTlKMOL1jA4p60_1TVt01paS_JcJmRSAjRXFxZYShB3dG5PjWhzq-jQOLg4z2WUY-ghgKrqxjq32URP5NZiRDAlJLrWCEt8XDEmq6TuDpNi5He9sYReDXeaupFxUaJGamEX_WyI9OFM9RFBlSmW5WJ5Dz5fmge7SCymoQzPvsPLMXRn5yunWumkyygZT4DOT_eUw-MU8JKKQLX0CwZFM7kgpTyyM0WjtCoFv5cPi035wYwtseA=s0-d-e1-ft#http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/b228mj0NlicPerTKQ5fX4toIpUibhAOozvGBzETOhapuzkKKr9IweQcgCAtgGMUzNCfgZl6d1nkyUYoJSqWmmCEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" tabindex="0" style="cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; width: auto;" alt="" /></p><div><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; color: #0052ff; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">摄于1936年6月13日地点是德国汉堡的布洛赫姆沃斯造船厂。</span></div><div> </div><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">在这一天，一艘新船下水，工人们举行盛大的集会，<wbr>并且齐齐地举起右手，向纳粹党及其党魁行礼致敬——<wbr>只有一个人例外。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">在照片中的这个人，双手抱胸，在那片举起的右臂丛林中，<wbr>是那么的不合时宜；从放大的照片看，<wbr>他的脸上也充满了不屑和鄙夷。他的名字叫August Landmesser，是这个船厂的造船工人。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Landmesser其实是纳粹党员，他是在1935年，<wbr>和大多数德国人一样，<wbr>认为会给自己的工作带来更大的发展而加入纳粹的。<wbr>而到了这年的8月，随着他与自己深爱的犹太姑娘结婚，<wbr>这一切给他带来了根本的改变。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">希特勒政权对于犹太人的迫害始于1933年，<wbr>但是直至1938年期间，手段相对温和，通过一系列法案的颁布，<wbr>限制了犹太人在社会、政治、经济、文化上的诸多社会性权利。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #7b0c00; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Landmesser在这个期间已经开始严重怀疑纳粹的根本性质</span></strong><wbr>。七八十年后，我无从知道他此时的真实想法，但是从照片上看，<wbr>在整个德国社会迈着正步走向深渊的时候，他放下了自己的右手，<wbr>停住了自己的脚步。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">到了1938年11月，<wbr>在纳粹集团及其首脑人物希特勒和戈培尔的策划以及指导下，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #7b0c00; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">爆发了<wbr>针对犹太民族的“砸玻璃之夜”的打砸抢惨案</span></strong>，<wbr>德奥地区的反犹形势急剧恶化。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">应该是在这之后不久，Landmesser的女儿还不足半岁，<wbr>他被投入监狱，因为他的犹太籍妻子；半年后出狱，<wbr>他仍然没有离开他的妻子，不久后又一次被捕，<wbr>这一次足足关押了他两年。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Landmesser对妻子的爱并未能阻止纳粹丧心病狂的迫害，<wbr>在他入狱后不久，他的妻子也被投入了集中营。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1942年1月，臭名昭著的“旺湖会议”召开，<wbr>确定了彻底灭绝犹太人的行动基调；几个月后，<wbr>Landmesser的妻子就被投入了集中营的毒气室。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1944年，Landmesser也被编入了由反纳粹分子、<wbr>民事犯、叛逃者以及失去公民权的人士所组成的炮灰部队，<wbr>在机枪和大炮的威逼下走上了战场。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1944年2月9日，Landmesser战死，<wbr>死亡原因和地点，不详。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #7b0c00; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1991年，德国媒体公开了这张不向纳粹屈服的照片，<wbr>Landmesser的女儿认出了他。后来这张照片广为流传，<wbr>一直流传到我们这里。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">也许我们没有直面抗争的勇气，但不妨碍我们放下自己的右臂。<wbr>仅此，向世界反法西斯战争胜利致敬！</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1991 年，一个名为 Irene 的女子，在德国报章「Die Zeit」上找到自己的父亲 August Landmesser，就在上图的方格内。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">在照片里，他拒绝作出纳粹式敬礼。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: #7b0c00; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">当时的“不敬礼”，到底有多了不起！</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">August Landmesser 是谁？他无权无势，只是船厂里的一个工人，却能够在那个时代，<wbr>那个地方，于纳粹海军训练船 Horst Wessel 出航时，于群众都完全臣服于纳粹淫威之下时，拒绝敬礼。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">这个人更因为娶了犹太女人而被判劳改两年，并相信于 1944 年被杀，终年不过三十多岁。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">不敬礼有甚么了不起？了不起啊，<wbr>在这么大的群众压力与政治逼害之下，人们有太多理由去妥协︰「<wbr>只不过举一次手」「反正人人都在做」之类，<wbr>这时候他的勇气就呈现了，一张照片，<wbr>证明了人类还是有高贵的道德力量。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><img width="auto" src="https://ci6.googleusercontent.com/proxy/9WFPJd4M6fwpcSUdTQ_3zFYej46_h-zrOkFaQipngle0GGxseTkayQBL1qgVGhKeWalagAp8ptHVHNGCBipSZB1a8T_whYpkuH4wG0ZUkpO7Bzp0B4N8_qIyTT09Ye1Aciz0w_yaJ7-Mpx8EUcPsi0ceOEAjPy6alJSoBhaGPDvgKfe-cDw8ksUsTYtW4ChSQPYq1n7Xd_ibPXMV539OpfXt_DIwTfEnCyvSJvM_VdEPVAvSkDy0=s0-d-e1-ft#http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/b228mj0NlicPerTKQ5fX4toIpUibhAOozvFkwcA1njCwKicOSpNrzG8WMtXtPL2z8liagTBtJL8h2NR4WYK6TDBjzA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" tabindex="0" style="cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; width: auto;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">这一张照片，胜过一个徽章，因为它能为「平凡人」August Landmesser 留下永远的记录，让历史去表扬他；与此同时，<wbr>正好也警剔那些丑恶的当权者、既得利益者，<wbr>历史与照片会记住他们的行为，再多的徽章都没有用。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: "helvetica neue", helvetica, "hiragino sans gb", "microsoft yahei", arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><br /></p></div><div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="color: #222222; 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