<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2017/Dec/1215201716-2.jpg" width="660" height="371" alt="" style="font-size: 12pt;" /></div><div><span style="color: #ececec; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; background-color: #111111; font-size: 12pt;">成吉思汗是13世纪蒙古统一和蒙古帝国的缔造者，被许多蒙古人当作民族英雄和祖先来崇拜。</span><br /> </div><div> </div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">一名中国男子因为践踏13世纪蒙古的征服者成吉思汗的画像被定煽动民族仇恨罪被判有期徒刑一年，引起网络激烈讨论。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">被告罗姓男子2017年5月20日录制自己践踏成吉思汗画像的视频。然后这名19岁的男子在网络散发着段视频，引起了公众不满。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">成吉思汗是13世纪蒙古统一和蒙古帝国的缔造者，被许多蒙古人当作民族英雄和祖先来崇拜。蒙古人世代祭祀成吉思汗陵墓（衣冠冢）就坐落在判决法院所在的内蒙古鄂尔多斯。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">检察机关认为被告罗某触犯了中国刑法有关规定。新华社报道说，内蒙古鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗人民法院判处罗姓男子犯有煽动民族仇恨和民族歧视罪。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">报道引述当地公安局的消息说，罗姓男子在网络视频平台"快手"上传了一段他自己"践踏侮辱"成吉思汗肖像的视频，并且在微信平台上朋友圈中得到大量转发。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">报道说，许多人到公安机关报案要求严惩肇事者。当局认为这段视频大量传播和转发给当地社会政治稳定造成了恶劣影响。有关当局已经从网上撤走了这段视频。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">虽然被告人罗某在法庭上表示服从判决并为自己伤害公众情绪致歉。但在 "侮辱成吉思汗画像"获刑一年的消息迅速传开后，许多人认为罗某做法固然不妥，但是判刑过重。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">"民族、宗教无小事"</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">有批评说，难道这个曾经要把中原变成牧场的成吉思汗成中国的民族英雄了？还有人说，那么如果有人制作视频侮辱汉武帝，唐宗宋祖和朱元璋，也会被判刑吗？</span></p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/17645/production/_99231859_7d59ae8a-1abe-4531-92a0-43473bf9eb9e.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/17645/production/_99231859_7d59ae8a-1abe-4531-92a0-43473bf9eb9e.jpg" alt="成吉思汗陵墓（衣冠冢）" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">XINHUA</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">蒙古人世代祭祀成吉思汗陵墓（衣冠冢）就坐落在法院所在的内蒙古鄂尔多斯。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">有关消息还受到境外媒体关注。英文的"香港自由新闻"报道说中国男子践踏成吉思汗像，伤害公众情绪被判监禁。还有英文媒体说"中国男子因为践踏成吉思汗像被监禁"。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">为被告喊冤的评论还举出文革期间有农民拿起枪指毛主席像被打成反革命，被判刑十年的旧事，说此事荒唐透顶。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">支持法院判决的人显然认为成吉思汗画像同唐宗宋祖与朱元璋不同，后者没有被汉族摆上祖先崇拜的圣坛，也未必是他们没有争议的民族英雄。那么谁算是没有争议的民族英雄呢？</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">著名左派评论家张宏良则借题发挥说，许多侮辱诽谤新中国缔造者毛泽东的人从来没有被追究刑事责任，反而将侮辱一个封建帝王的人判刑入狱，荒谬之极。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">但对于毛泽东的评价，民间一直存在左右分裂。官方在不同时期评价也不同。毛泽东文革时期被认为是"四个伟大" （伟大的导师、伟大的领袖、伟大的统帅、伟大的舵手）到邓小平时期对毛泽东的评价就成了"三分过，七分功"。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">还有为践踏成吉思汗画像的被告鸣不平者说，在南京大屠杀公祭日传出这条消息令人匪夷所思。著名的红二代作者蔡小心为此也在微博上质问："为什么侮辱南京大屠杀30万同胞的只被拘留15天？侮辱铁木真的就被刑期一年？！"</span></p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/12825/production/_99231857_d9d20324-a830-4d87-b572-580c650c0a4d.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/12825/production/_99231857_d9d20324-a830-4d87-b572-580c650c0a4d.jpg" alt="毛泽东" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">AFP</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">毛泽东文革时期被认为是"四个伟大" （伟大的导师、伟大的领袖、伟大的统帅、伟大的舵手）到邓小平时期对毛泽东的评价就成了"三分过，七分功"。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">近年来有数人因"侮辱南京大屠杀死难者"和其他"恶意"言论被警方依据中国治安管理处罚法查处。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">受限的表达自由</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">"民族、宗教无小事"（江泽民语）是中国的某种政治正确，中共领导人一直强调"民族问题的长期性、复杂性和重要性"。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">对于上述报道和争论，有人指出讨论忽略了罗某案件涉及敏感的民族问题，而许多批评者忽略了一个重要的事实，即中国宪法禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为，中国刑法中也对"煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视罪"有规定。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国加入的《公民及政治权利国际公约》和《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》也有类似规定。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国刑法第249条规定煽动民族仇恨、民族歧视，情节严重者处三年以下有期徒刑，拘役，管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节特别严重者，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">显然法庭认为被告罗某踩踏成吉思汗画像的行为"情节严重"，认为被告把视频放到网上广为传播，在少数民族地区"引起广大群众强烈不满"。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《公民及政治权利国际公约》第19条有自由表达权利的规定，但第20条规定"任何人支持民族，种族或宗教仇恨，导致煽动歧视，敌意或暴力，这种行为被法律禁止。"</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》的第4条要求缔约国刑事惩罚所有基于种族优越或仇恨的思想以及惩罚煽动种族歧视，也要刑事惩罚所有针对任何种族或民族的暴力行为或导致此种暴力的煽动行为。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">煽动种族/民族仇恨和歧视在西方也是敏感的"政治正确"和法律红线，许多国家都有禁止种族歧视和种族仇恨方面的法律。在保持多民族和文化多样的国家中，表达自由与免受种族诽谤和仇恨的自由并存。</span></p> </div>