<p><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">共产革命早已破产。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">作为共产革命的指导思想马克思主义也随之破产。不过一直到今天，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">仍然有人为马克思主义辩护。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">有些辩护者说，共产革命固然是错了，但马克思主义并没有错。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">马克思主义是对的，只是那些共产党都用早了，共产革命搞早了。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">共产党过早地搞起共产革命，那本身就是违反马克思主义的。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">马克思说：<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">社会经济形态的发展是一种自然的历史过程</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">，</span><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">它不能跳过，也不能用法令取消这个自然的过程。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">辩护者们最爱引用马克思在《政治经济学批判》序言里的一段话：<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%; font-family:DengXian;color:#222222;background:white"><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">无论哪一个社会形态，在它所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来以前，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">是决不会灭亡的；而新的、更高的生产关系，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">在它的物质存在条件在旧社会的胎胞里成熟以前，是决不会出现的。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif; color:#222222;background:white"><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">”</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">按照辩护者们现在的解释，在马克思的时代以致直到今天，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">资本主义这种社会形态所能容纳的生产力都还没有全部发挥，新的、<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">更高的生产关系即社会主义乃至共产主义的物质存在条件也还没有在<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">旧社会的胎胞里成熟，而共产党在这时候就急匆匆地搞起共产革命，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">那本身就违背了马克思揭示的自然的经济运动规律，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">所以必然遭到失败。在这里，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">共产党不是由于实行了马克思主义而遭到失败，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">而是由于违背了马克思主义因此遭到失败；所以，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">共产党的失败并不证明马克思主义的错误，相反，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">它倒从反面证明了马克思主义的正确。共产革命搞早了，所以错了，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">但马克思主义依然是对的。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">上述辩护不值一驳。因为就在他们引用的那段马克思名言之后，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">紧接着马克思就指出：<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以人类始终只提出自己能够解决的任务，</span><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">因为只要仔细考察就可以发现，任务本身，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">只有在解决它的物质条件已经存在或者至少是在生成过程中的时候，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">才会产生<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。这就是说，按照马克思，消灭私有制这个历史任务，</span><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">只有在消灭私有制的物质条件已经存在或者至少是在生成过程中的时<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">候才会产生。这就是说，当马克思提出消灭私有制、<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">实行共产革命的时候，历史必然是已经发展到消灭私有制、<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">实行共产革命的物质条件已经存在或者至少是已经在生成这样的阶段<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">我们知道，各国共产党是在马克思的《共产党宣言》<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">的感召下搞起共产党、搞起共产革命的。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">如果你要说共产党搞共产革命搞早了，你也就必须说《共产党宣言》<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">写早了发表早了，你也就必须说马克思主义产生得早了出现得早了。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">可是按照马克思主义，马克思主义是应运而生的，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">所以按定义就是适逢其时的，根本不可能有<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">早了</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">或</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">晚了</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:DengXian; color:#222222;background:white"><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">的问题。既然实践证明共产革命确实是搞早了，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">那也就意味着共产党宣言产生得早了，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">意味着马克思主义产生得早了，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">那也就进而证明马克思主义并非应运而生，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">马克思主义并不是它自己标榜的历史发展进程的必然产物。<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">由此可知，历史唯物主义也并不成立。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">恩格斯在《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">一书中批评所谓空想社会主义者。恩格斯不无讽刺地写道：<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">在空想社会主义者看来，真理的被认识<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">只是一种侥幸的偶然现象</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:DengXian; color:#222222;background:white"><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">。它可以在现在被认识，也可以在五百年前就被认识。恩格斯强调，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">揭示人类历史发展规律的真理这件事本身乃是历史发展进程的必然产<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">物。我们知道，马克思主义是一套历史决定论，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">而这套历史决定论当然也是把马克思主义自身当作历史决定的。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif; color:#222222"><br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family: DengXian;color:#222222;background:white">于是我们可以得出结论，共产革命的破产也就是马克思主义的破产；<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">那种用<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">共产革命搞早了</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: DengXian; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">的说辞来替马克思主义打圆场的做法，</span><wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">由于它和马克思主义自己标榜的历史唯物主义互相矛盾，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">所以是站不住脚的；它反倒是提醒了我们，<wbr style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">马克思的历史唯物主义也是站不住脚的。</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; line-height:107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><br /> <br /></span></p>