<p style="padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">学生们在遥远北京的民主呼声促进了东德的公民权利运动。血腥的天安门广场事件发生数月后，柏林墙和平倒塌。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%89%E9%97%A8%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%99%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%95%99%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E8%AE%AD/a-49006007#" link="/overlay/image/article/49006007/48651473" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" width="700" height="394" src="https://www.dw.com/image/48651473_303.jpg" title="Deutschland Ausstellung l OST-BERLIN Die halbe Hauptstadt – 35 Jahre Kampfgruppen der DDR (Jürgen Nagel)" alt="Deutschland Ausstellung l OST-BERLIN Die halbe Hauptstadt – 35 Jahre Kampfgruppen der DDR (Jürgen Nagel)" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">对“中国解决方式”的担忧 导致残杀学生的历史没有在东德重演（东德士兵资料图片）</p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">（德国之声中文网）今天，北京天安门广场上不再有任何痕迹可以让人回想起1989年6月4日发生的流血事件。就在那天，中国军队暴力清场，导致数百人丧生。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">大屠杀发生后30年的这个星期二（2019年6月4日），中国将鸦雀无声。所有公共回忆活动都受到严厉禁止。对于中国，1989这个年份是镇压与流血的象征；与之相对，在德国，它却意味着自由和重新统一。就在中国军队以极其野蛮的手段将民主运动扼杀在血泊之中5个月后，11月9日，柏林墙倒塌了。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">他们的诉求"也是我的目标"</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">现年63岁的希尔斯贝格（Stephan Hilsberg）当年在共产党治下的东德为公民权利而战，曾深深同情北京的学生。致力于帮助在东德建立社会民主党的希尔斯贝格对德新社说，</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">"它们（指学生们的诉求–译者注）也是我的目标"。他清楚地回忆起，在东德，当时，权力正逐渐从执政的社会统一党那里流失，–与它的政策和民众中的绝望情绪不断增长恰成鲜明对照。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">依照北京关于战胜了一次"反革命动乱"的说法，东德的执政党社会统一党是当年世界上少数几个对血腥镇压中国民主运动表示赞同的政府之一。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">社会统一党政府研究基金会负责人卡明斯基（Anna Kaminsky）相信，社会统一党当年对中国共产党的团结性表态完全是指向东德国内的反共运动的。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"></p><div style="width: 480px; 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background-color: #000000; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2>一个东德艺术家和他所经历的六四</h2></div></div></div></div></div></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">"如必要，应使用武力捍卫社会主义。"</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">莱比锡当代史论坛负责人赖歇（Juergen Reiche）回忆起时任东德教育部长玛格特·昂纳克（Margot Honecker）的反应：这位前东德社会统一党主席兼国务委员会主席昂纳克的妻子当时说，如必要，应使用武力捍卫社会主义。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">今天，希尔斯贝格告诉说，当年他33岁，是一个教会和平组织的成员。他拟就了一封抗议信，开上一辆Trabant小汽车，直驱位于东柏林的中国大使馆。他至今还保存着这辆车，以作为共产主义的东德的一个象征。还在远处，他就看到，警察封锁了入口。"他们有了准备"，他说。突然，一群便衣推搡着一名"看上去跟我有点像" 的青年，将其推进一辆卡车的后箱，"而他不是唯一一个"。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">两德统一后在联邦政府担任高级职务的希尔斯贝格告诉说，看到此情此景，他感到很不安全，遂决定继续往前开，把信投进了一个最近的信箱。他说，"我不想进监狱。"</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">不能同情北京的学生</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">惶惶不安的东德国家安全部严密监控着一切。一份后来在档案中发现的文件显示，国安部长米尔克（Erich Mielke）曾指令特工们预先防止或立即有效阻止任何对北京学生表达同情的言行。不过， 米尔克的手段逐渐失去了效用。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">一份呈送社会统一党的报告指出，临近1989年6月底，发生两个事件，"反对派以及尤其是东德多个城市以教会为基础的活动人士从事对中华人民共和国的反革命分子表示团结的各种活动"。国安部在报告中称，类似的"挑衅性的和示威性的"公共事件受到严密监视。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">当年9月，东德社会统一党政治局委员克伦茨（Egon Krenz）率团访华。北京的共产党领导层对得到这样的支持"尤其感到高兴"。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">克伦茨是天安门事件发生后访华的首批外国政要之一。当时，众多国家对华实施制裁。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">对"中国解决方式"的担忧</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">在克伦茨访华期间，东德媒体曾将中国的"反革命"与当时所称的东德的"动乱分子"相类比。莱比锡当代史论坛负责人赖歇指出，当时，反共产党政府的抗议运动正朝向采取起始于莱比锡的每周一次的游行形式。他指出，后来，在经由9月份和10月份进一步壮大后， 人们在采取这一形式的运动中喊出了"非暴力"、"我们是人民"、"我们不是动乱分子"等口号。他补充说，此时，对社会统一党领导人可能会考虑采取诉诸暴力的"中国解决方式"的担心是真实存在的。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">谈及这个日子，一些中国学生相信，将坦克开上天安门广场并大开杀戒的做法与东德政府摒弃使用武力的立场形成鲜明对照。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">他们认为，北京的抗议运动是人类20世纪将尽时发生的一系列巨变的头一块多米诺骨牌，——遗憾的是，中国人民不在受益者之中。</p></div></div>