“负福利”的中国现象

<br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">&#8220;最低限度的福利&#8221;必须是正福利&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /></strong><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">我们首先要争取&#8220;最低限度的自由&#8221;和&#8220;最低限度的福利&#8221;是《</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">共同的底线》一书中要强调的另一问题。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">&#8220;最低限度的自由&#8221;现在讲政治自由的话没有什么变化,但是&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">最低限度的福利&#8221;该怎么解释就有一个很大的问题。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">因为在1990年代前期中国的福利覆盖率是很低的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">农民基本一点都没有。&#8220;义务教育&#8221;没落实,养老和医疗,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">政府都是不管农民的,就是城里也不是全部都管,覆盖率很低,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">绝大部分人根本没有福利。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现在情况不同了,中国的社会福利水平虽然还是很低,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是覆盖面的确宽多了,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">尤其是在不远的将来中国可能就会实现比如说所谓的基本医疗保险在</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">农村的覆盖,尽管水平不高,但是基本上全覆盖了。所谓&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">最低限度的福利&#8221;现在还是不是一个追求的目标呢?&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">我觉得,我们讲的最低限度的福利,当然要讲福利的覆盖率,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但更重要的,其实主要指福利的性质。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现代文明国家的福利可以是高福利,也可以是低福利,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是它至少不能是&#8220;负福利&#8221;。最近这些年,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">我经常强调的是这么一个概念,&#8220;负福利&#8221;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">的概念在这本书里还没有出现,但这个现象那时就有。什么是&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">负福利&#8221;?比如我们现在给农民也提供福利,原来没有享受福利的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现在也逐步开始向他们渗透,福利逐渐开始从上往下渗透,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这当然是一个进步。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可是到目前为止这并没有改变我们这种福利过去一贯的不同于民主国</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">家的最明显的特征,就是这个福利首先是和特权、身份挂钩的。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">它不是按照帮助弱者的原则,而是按照特权物质化的原则运行的。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">也就是说有特权的人,收入高,福利也高,特权少的人,收入低,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">福利也低,完全没有特权的,比如你没有&#8220;单位&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">你就根本没有收入,同时你也就绝不可能有福利。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">假如说在改革以前的中国,你没有&#8220;单位&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">当然就不会有人管你什么住房、养老、医疗等。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">所以这种福利,如果你要做统计的话,你会发现它是扩大不平等的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而不是缩小不平等的。如果你把二次分配加上去,基尼系数会变大,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而不是像发达国家那样会变小。过去底层没福利是如此,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现在把福利渗透到底层以后实际也没有改变这种局面,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">虽然我们给了底层一定的福利,但是特权者的福利增加得更快。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">比如说我在最近的一篇文章中提到,江苏是我国农村医疗保险(</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">新农合)搞得最好的地方,近年来一直超额完成国家规定的指标。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">2007年的时候,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">国家规定新农合的基金应该达到每个人50块钱,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">江苏当时已经达到76块钱,超过国家规定的50%。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可是这个标准还是比城市职工低很多,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而城市职工的初始收入已经比农民高了。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但职工的医疗待遇还是远不如官员,当时,在江苏那么大一个省,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">只有14万干部可以享受全额公费医疗,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">他们每个人占有的福利性医疗基金可以有6千元,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">也就是说医疗福利超过农民90倍,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是他们的初始收入并没有超过农民90倍。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">也就是说如果你把福利算到收入里,仍然会比初始分配更不平等,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而不是会变得更平等。所以这个福利还是&#8220;负福利&#8221;性质的。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是,我觉得这仍旧还是进步了,因为原来农民一点都没有,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">原来的福利全是职工的,尤其当官的享有,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现在不管怎么说农民还是有了一点,虽然是&#8220;负福利&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是负得不那么厉害了。比如原来是负5、负10,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">现在变成了负1、负2,这也是进步,但是还没有降到&#8220;零福利&#8221;(</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">二次分配后基尼系数不变,既没升也没降),</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">也就是说它对分配的影响仍然是负的,只不过比以前负得少了。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可是西方的福利是没有这样的。我们知道西方有高福利、</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">低福利的区别,但是没有负福利的。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">所谓高福利就是它的覆盖率很大,比如就医疗而言,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">欧洲基本是全民覆盖,美国就很差,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">联邦财政提供的医疗福利只覆盖了18%的人口,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">那是很少的一个数字,所以才有奥巴马要医改的呼吁。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可问题是,所谓的低福利是覆盖率低,但是覆盖的是谁呢?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">绝不是覆盖总统,覆盖的就是最穷的老百姓、最弱势的群体。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">美国在奥巴马医改以前,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">联邦财政开支的医疗覆盖就是给贫困线以下的穷人和65岁以上的老</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">人,这两种人没有看不起病的问题。有人说美国医疗有问题,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">有些人看不起病,的确是,但是那些人绝不是最下层,而是中下层。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">他们没有穷到或者老到可以享受公费医疗待遇,但是你又不是很富,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">如果你仗着身体好,不愿意买商业性医疗保险(</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这类保险确实不便宜),万一你真遇到伤病,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">在美国没有享受医疗福利又没有买商业性医疗保险的话,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">掏现钱看病的确贵的吓人,所谓看不起病的问题,指的是这个。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是在美国不可能上层享受福利,下面最穷的人反而没有,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">在民主国家这是不可能的。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">住房就更明显了,美国从来不会给总统分房的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">总统任期在白宫待着,那是你的官邸,不是分给你的&#8220;福利房&#8221;。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">美国40几届总统轮流住这白宫,没听说给每个总统分一套,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">一旦卸任你就必须自己解决住房。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是美国的失业黑人可以申请福利房。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">美国的福利房没有像欧洲那么多,而且近几十年正在拆,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">因为福利房社区会产生其他问题,这里我就不详细讲了。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">美国所谓贫民窟都是政府盖的福利房,最大的问题就是治安比较糟,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">房子其实盖得不错,而且绝对是政府盖的,福利性的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是肯定不会是给官员的,全是给那些穷人的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而且大多数州其实就明确指出只有失业者可以申请。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而我们国家改革前分房是从高官往下,一般职工你就等着吧。有&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">单位&#8221;的老百姓还不一定分得到房,如果没有&#8220;单位&#8221;(失业)</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">谁管你住啊,没人管你住,如果你自己盖一个房还是&#8220;违章建筑&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">城管还要把你打一顿,这就是负福利。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">所以我觉得这个&#8220;负福利&#8221;是个大问题。我们现在的进步还是&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">负福利&#8221;,但是&#8220;负&#8221;的程度没有那么高了,如果用数学语言讲,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">就是正在朝&#8220;零福利&#8221;逼近,只有过了这个临界点以后,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">福利从负变正以后,才有高低的问题。到了那个时候,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">福利是正的了,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">自由主义和社会民主主义者的争论就会成为一个真问题了,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">社会民主主义就会赞成搞瑞典式那一套,把福利往高里搞;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">自由放任主义者就不赞成,认为福利不能高,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">极端的甚至认为零福利就可以了,但是谁会主张&#8220;负福利&#8221;呢?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这些争论都是福利变成正值以后的问题。现在&#8220;负福利&#8221;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">的状态下能存在这种争论吗?&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">造成这种状态的原因就是因为特权。这个福利第一是和特权挂钩的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">第二更重要的是为什么会和特权挂钩?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">因为这种福利不是老百姓可以要求的,而是皇上恩赐的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">有点福利你得感恩,没有你也不能要。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而皇恩自然是先赐给皇上倚重的人,不会赐给皇上讨厌的&#8220;盲流&#8221;。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可是你看西方不管高福利、低福利都是根据老百姓要求,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">老百姓可以不要求那么多,比如美国,也可能要求很高如瑞典,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是老百姓不可能要求只给高官福利吧?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">正因为福利是根据老百姓要求,你不给老百姓就会问责,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">你给了老百姓也不会感恩。本来老百姓交税让你干这个,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">又不是你当官的掏钱搞慈善,为什么要感恩?瑞典是号称&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">从摇篮到坟墓&#8221;都由国家负责的高福利国家,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但你听哪个瑞典人对政府感恩戴德,某某首相万岁,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">某某首相是恩人,&#8220;吃水不忘挖井人,永远感谢某某某&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">哪有这种言论?&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><div><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">相反,如果没有福利,老百姓就要对你问责,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">比如大家都看到的希腊,现在福利低一点,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">老百姓就抗议成这个样子。在这种情况下的福利有高有低,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但绝对不会是负的,因为那是老百姓的要求,不是皇上的恩赐。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是如果福利是皇上恩赐的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">皇上肯定先给那些他认为对他有用的人,功臣、权贵等等,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">最后剩下一点才考虑老百姓,而且给老百姓是他的一种爱好,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而不是可以被追问的责任。他愿给,你就得感恩,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">他不愿给你也不能埋怨。最典型的就是三年大饥荒时期,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">你如果不饿死就是&#8220;毛主席的恩情比天高&#8221;,如果你饿死了那是&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">自然灾害&#8221;,皇上有什么责任?这种福利必然就是&#8220;负福利&#8221;。&nbsp;</span></div><div>&nbsp;</div><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">对于&#8220;负福利&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">自由主义者和社会民主主义者是不可能产生争论的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">不管自由主义者还是社会民主主义者都不会赞成&#8220;负福利&#8221;,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而且他们的主张都可以抵制&#8220;负福利&#8221;。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><div><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"></span></div><div><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">比如说,假如你是自由主义者,你是反对高福利的,那么你在&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">负福利&#8221;条件下就应该明确地只反对当官的享受福利,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">因为只有他们是高福利的享受者。农民享受的本来就鸡毛蒜皮一点,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">有什么可反的?本来就非常低,而且比西方任何最低的福利还要低,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">你反什么?如果你真是自由放任主义者,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">在这种背景下就得反对特权者的福利。</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但如果你是社会民主主义者呢,你呼吁福利,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">当然就得为最弱势的人要求福利,而且是作为问责,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而不是作为皇恩来乞求,只能向官府声索,不能要百姓谢恩,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">当然也不可能为高官呼吁福利。&nbsp;</span></div><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">假如左派成功地增加了底层福利,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">假如右派成功地遏制了权贵的高福利,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">那不就是共同促使负福利朝着正福利方向改变吗?有什么可争吵的?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这样推进到一定时期就会逐渐变成零福利,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">再进一步发展就会变成正福利。到了这个时候,福利高一点、</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">低一点就成为真问题了。在这之前&#8220;高低福利之争&#8221;前提都没有,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">就是假问题。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但现在我们一个最糟糕的现象,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">就是那些反对福利的人其实往往都是针对最穷的老百姓,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">都是说老百姓不能要求这、不能要求那,而拿当官的高福利没辙。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">可是那些主张要搞高福利的人却反对制约权力,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这样就没法避免福利一旦搞了就是当官的先得。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">比如现在的保障性住房。本来,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">保障性住房制度在西方也是有争议的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">包括我刚才讲的美国的福利房社区被视为贫民窟的问题,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">这是美国经常讨论的。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">但是,这在中国恰恰相反,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">严重的问题是保障性住房现在的两个特征:&#8220;经适房优先公务员,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">廉租房不给农民工&#8221;。我们现在绝大部分&#8220;保障房&#8221;是所谓经适房,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而优先分给官员。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">保障房中分量很小的廉租房也是给有城市户籍的人盖的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而城市户籍的困难户现在没有多少,没有多少也不是中国的&#8220;</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">优越性&#8221;,因为全世界的城市贫民主要都是由乡村来的移民组成的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">不光是中国。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">只不过我们和他们的区别就是他们承认这些新移民是城市贫民,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">我们不承认,我们说他们是&#8220;农民工&#8221;,是&#8220;外地人&#8221;。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">区别就在这儿。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">如果只是要保证老市民,其实西方也没有多少老市民需要你保的。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">任何一个国家所谓的贫民窟和住得不好的人基本都是在城市化过程中</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">新进城的人。如果所谓保障性住房不是针对他们的,你搞它干什么?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">不就是负福利吗,搞出来都是给官员的,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">西方不管是自由主义者还是社会民主主义者哪个人能赞同这种做法?</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">所以所谓福利房变成贫民窟根本就不是中国的问题。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">而中国的问题很简单,我们左、</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">右派也应该针对中国问题朝我刚才讲的两个方向努力,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">尽管不能一步到位,但是你至少不能让它变本加厉。</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">如果是反福利的右派我就要提出经适房绝不能优先公务员,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">反过来如果我是左派,就要提出廉租房要优先给农民工,</span><wbr style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;">否则你说你是自由主义者或者社会民主主义者?你什么都不是。&nbsp;</span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" /><div></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; background-color: #f6fbff;"><em>2013年5月25日&nbsp;</em></span><br style="font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Georgia, Courier, \’Times New Roman\’, serif, Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f6fbff;" />&nbsp;</div>